Enzymes

• what is the temperature coefficient (Q10)?

  a value for a reaction which shows how much the rate of reaction changes when the temperature is raised by 10 degrees Celsius
• Why is the decrease in the rate of reaction below optimum temperature less rapid than above?

  The enzyme haven't denatured they just have less kinetic energy (less active)
• How does temperature affect enzyme activity?

  Temperature affects enzyme activity by increasing the rate of reaction as temperature increases, up to an optimal temperature, after which the enzyme denatures and activity decreases.
• How does an increase in temperature affect enzyme activity?

  Increase in the kinetic energy of the particles. The particles will move faster resulting in more frequent successful collisions between the enzyme and substrate
• How do enzymes denature?

  Enzymes are proteins. After optimum temperature the bonds holding the protein together vibrates more. The vibrations will strain and break the bonds. This changes the tertiary structure of the protein, meaning the enzyme and it’s active site shape will change and no longer be complimentary to its substrate.
• Why is the rate of reaction rapidly decreased above optimum temperature?

  The enzymes begin to denature as the bonds in the enzymes tertiary structure break. Only a small change is needed for the active site to no longer be complimentary to its active site. All the enzyme molecules will denature at the same temperature in the organism
• What are organisms living at extreme hot temperatures called?

  Thermophiles
• How are thermophiles adapted to survive at extreme hot temperatures?

  Thermophiles are adapted to survive at extreme hot temperatures through heat-resistant enzymes and protective protein structures. The enzymes have an increased number of bonds (hydrogen bonds and sulfur bridges) in their tertiary structure. The shape of the enzyme and active site is more resistant to temperature changes as the enzyme is more stable.