1918

• world war I : 1914-1918
• affects of war on Germany:

  • near war end, german people suffer from severe hardship
  • allies set up naval blockades- prevented import of food and essential goods
  • 1918-people in starvation
  • public opinion turned against Kaiser Wilhelm II- many german people wanted democracy and end of war.
• • nov 1918: some members of german navy rebelled and refused to board their ships
  • Hanover: german troops refused to control rioters.
  • Kurt eisner, a jewish communist, encouraged general uprising- sparked mass strikes in Munich.
• republic: country which is ruled without a monarch, power held by people
• What does social unrest equate to in the context of this material?

  Revolution
• What was the situation in Germany by November 1918?

  It verged on civil war with huge protests
• Which political party called for the Kaiser’s resignation during the protests?

  SDP (Social Democratic Party)
• What significant event occurred on 09/11/1918 in Germany?

  Kaiser abdicated and a republic was declared
• What happened on 10/11/1918 regarding state leadership in Germany?

  New revolutionary governments took over
• How many states made up Germany, each with its own government?

  18 states
• What significant agreement was made on 11/11/1918?

  Ceasefire to end WW1 was agreed
• Which countries were involved in signing the armistice with Germany?

  UK, France, and USA
• How did right-wing Germans perceive the armistice?

  They saw it as a betrayal and believed victory was possible
• council of peoples representatives:

  • after resignation of kaiser, germany disorganised- political parties claim control over different towns
  • temporary government made by sdp and usdp
  • controlled germany until jan 1919 when elections for new reichstag happened.