Botany (Cells): Exam 1

• What are the non-membrane bound organelles in plants?

  ribosomes, microtubules
• What are the membrane bound organelles?

  Endomembrane organelles, mitochondrea, plastids
• What does the smooth ER do?

  Make oils, and pack proteins and lipids into vesicles
• What are dictyosomes?

  Stacks of flattened discs, known as a golgi in animals. Packing, storing, and modification of molecules.May secrete oils or floral nectars in vesicles known as lysosomes.

  
• What is the tonoplast?

  It is the vacuole membrane, derived from the ER or golgi. Controls the movement of substances in and out of the vacuole.

  
• What does the central vacuole do?

  Contains cell sap, maintain homeostasis, maintain cell rigidity

  
• What does cell sap contain?

  Water, waste, oil, sugar, proteins, crystals.The roles of crystals are to defend against herbivory and regulate calcium concentrations.
• What is the chloroplast?

  A structure in the cells of plants that captures energy from sunlight. Capturnes photons and forms O2, ATP, and NADPH as side products. Contain carotenoids as well as chlorophyll.

  
• Do protoplastids give rise to plastids?

  Yes
• What are chromoplasts?

  Plastids that have carotenoids, which give off yellow, orange, and red pigments

  
• What do plants have that animal cells do not have?

  plastids, cell wall, vacuole
• What is the cell wall made of?

  Cellulose (repeating glucose monomers, beta linked)
• What is starch (amylose)?

  alpha linked glucose monomers, can be broken down by humans

  
• What are the plant cell walls made of?

  pectin, macrofibrils, microfibrils
• Primary Cell Wall

  All cells have a primary wall. The first formed porous wall and is not very rigid. Cells can grow and divide if they still have this wall.
• Secondary Cell Wall

  More rigid and adds waterproofing to the cell, does not have pectins. Laid down inside of the primary cell wall. Cells with a secondary wall can not grow and divide anymore, often will die. Stains red with phoroglucinol (HCl)
• Middle Lamella

  The thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells. Contains pectins and cements cells together.
• Pits (Secondary Cell Wall)


  Regions in the secondary cell wall that are absent. Only middle lamella and primary wall present. Cell to cell transport happens through here.
• Plasmodesmata

  An open channel in the cell wall of plants through which strands of cytoplasm connect from adjacent cells. Rapid trans