Human endocrine system

• What is the endocrine system?

  A network of glands secreting hormones
• How do hormones function in the body?

  They are chemical messengers traveling through blood
• How does the speed of the endocrine system compare to the nervous system?

  The endocrine system works slower but lasts longer
• What are the main endocrine glands and their hormones?

  • Pituitary gland: ADH, FSH, LH, TSH
  • Thyroid gland: Thyroxine
  • Adrenal glands: Adrenaline
  • Pancreas: Insulin, Glucagon
  • Ovaries: Oestrogen, Progesterone
  • Testes: Testosterone
• What is the function of the pituitary gland?

  Controls other glands and regulates water balance
• What hormone does the thyroid gland produce?

  Thyroxine
• What is the role of adrenaline in the body?

  Prepares the body for fight or flight
• What hormones does the pancreas release?

  Insulin and Glucagon
• What is the function of insulin?

  Regulates blood glucose levels
• What is the function of glucagon?

  Breaks down glycogen into glucose
• What is Type 1 Diabetes?

  Pancreas does not produce insulin
• How is Type 1 Diabetes managed?

  With insulin injections
• What is Type 2 Diabetes?

  Body does not respond properly to insulin
• What triggers the release of adrenaline?

  Stress or danger
• What are the effects of adrenaline on the body?

  Increases heart rate and dilates pupils
• What does thyroxine regulate?

  Metabolism and chemical reactions
• How is thyroxine controlled in the body?

  Through negative feedback with TSH
• What are the stages of the menstrual cycle?

  1. Day 1-5: Menstruation (low oestrogen & progesterone)
  2. Day 6-14: Uterus lining builds up (oestrogen released)
  3. Day 14: Ovulation (LH surge)
  4. Day 15-28: Lining maintained (progesterone)
• What hormone triggers ovulation?

  Luteinising Hormone (LH)
• What is the role of FSH in the menstrual cycle?

  Stimulates egg development and oestrogen release
• What does oestrogen do during the menstrual cycle?

  Builds up uterus lining and inhibits FSH
• What is the role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?

  Maintains uterus lining and inhibits FSH
• What are some exam tips for the endocrine system?

  • Know locations and functions of glands
  • Describe blood glucose regulation
  • Understand adrenaline and thyroxine functions
  • Learn hormonal control of menstrual cycle
  • Explain negative feedback mechanisms