paper 2

Cards (249)

  • What is a force?
    A push or pull on an object
  • What are the two types of forces?
    Contact and non-contact forces
  • What is the relationship between contact forces and electrostatic repulsion?
    Contact forces arise from electrostatic repulsion
  • What is a normal contact force?
    The force exerted perpendicular to a surface
  • How can forces be represented?
    With vectors showing direction and magnitude
  • What is a resultant force?
    The overall force acting on an object
  • What does the length of a force vector indicate?
    The magnitude of the force
  • How do you find the resultant force when forces act in opposite directions?
    Add the vectors, using negatives for opposite directions
  • If two forces of 5 N and 2 N act in opposite directions, what is the resultant force?
    3 N to the right
  • How do you find the resultant force when vectors are at right angles?
    Use Pythagoras' theorem
  • What is the significance of balanced forces?
    They result in no acceleration
  • What does Newton's first law state?
    An object will not change velocity unless acted upon
  • What is a scalar quantity?
    A quantity with magnitude but no direction
  • What is weight?
    The force due to gravity on an object
  • How is weight calculated?
    Weight = mass × gravitational field strength
  • What is the gravitational field strength on Earth?
    9.8 N/kg
  • What is the weight of a 1 kg mass on Earth?
    10 N
  • What must be true for forces to be balanced when lifting an object?
    The upward force must equal the weight
  • What is the work done when lifting an object?
    Force × distance moved
  • What is the equation for gravitational potential energy gained?
    GPE = mass × G × height
  • What does Hooke's law state?
    Force = spring constant × extension
  • What is the unit for spring constant?
    Newtons per meter
  • What does it mean for a material to stretch elastically?
    It returns to its original shape after force removal
  • What is the relationship between force and extension in Hooke's law?
    They are directly proportional
  • What happens to the extension of a spring if the force is doubled?
    The extension also doubles
  • What is the principle of moments?
    Moments clockwise equal moments anticlockwise
  • What is the equation for pressure?
    Pressure = force / area
  • What is the unit for pressure?
    Pascals (Pa)
  • Why does pressure increase with depth in water?
    Due to the weight of water above
  • What is the equation for calculating pressure at a depth?
    Pressure = height × density × gravitational field strength
  • What is the density of water?
    1,000 kg/m³
  • What causes gas pressure?
    Collisions of gas particles with surfaces
  • How can gas pressure be increased?
    By adding gas, reducing volume, or raising temperature
  • What happens to gas particles when temperature increases?
    They move faster and collide more frequently
  • What happens to atmospheric pressure with altitude?
    It decreases with higher altitude
  • How is speed measured?
    In meters per second (m/s)
  • What is the difference between speed and velocity?
    Velocity includes direction, speed does not
  • How is speed calculated?
    Speed = distance / time
  • What does the gradient of a distance-time graph represent?
    The speed of the object
  • How do you find the speed from a curved distance-time graph?
    Draw a tangent and find its gradient