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gcse physics
paper 2
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amber sandhu
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Cards (249)
What is a force?
A
push
or
pull
on an object
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What are the two types of forces?
Contact and
non-contact
forces
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What is the relationship between contact forces and electrostatic repulsion?
Contact
forces
arise
from
electrostatic
repulsion
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What is a normal contact force?
The force exerted
perpendicular
to a surface
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How can forces be represented?
With
vectors
showing
direction
and magnitude
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What is a resultant force?
The
overall force
acting on an object
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What does the length of a force vector indicate?
The
magnitude
of the force
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How do you find the resultant force when forces act in opposite directions?
Add the
vectors
, using negatives for opposite directions
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If two forces of 5 N and 2 N act in opposite directions, what is the resultant force?
3 N to the
right
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How do you find the resultant force when vectors are at right angles?
Use
Pythagoras' theorem
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What is the significance of balanced forces?
They result in no
acceleration
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What does Newton's first law state?
An object will not change
velocity
unless acted upon
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What is a scalar quantity?
A quantity with
magnitude
but no direction
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What is weight?
The force due to
gravity
on an object
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How is weight calculated?
Weight =
mass
× gravitational field strength
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What is the gravitational field strength on Earth?
9.8 N/kg
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What is the weight of a 1 kg mass on Earth?
10 N
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What must be true for forces to be balanced when lifting an object?
The
upward
force must equal the
weight
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What is the work done when lifting an object?
Force
×
distance moved
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What is the equation for gravitational potential energy gained?
GPE
=
mass
× G ×
height
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What does Hooke's law state?
Force =
spring constant
×
extension
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What is the unit for spring constant?
Newtons
per
meter
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What does it mean for a material to stretch elastically?
It returns to its original shape after
force
removal
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What is the relationship between force and extension in Hooke's law?
They are
directly proportional
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What happens to the extension of a spring if the force is doubled?
The
extension
also
doubles
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What is the principle of moments?
Moments
clockwise
equal moments
anticlockwise
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What is the equation for pressure?
Pressure =
force
/
area
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What is the unit for pressure?
Pascals
(Pa)
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Why does pressure increase with depth in water?
Due to the
weight
of water above
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What is the equation for calculating pressure at a depth?
Pressure = height ×
density
× gravitational field strength
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What is the density of water?
1,000 kg/m³
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What causes gas pressure?
Collisions
of
gas particles
with surfaces
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How can gas pressure be increased?
By adding gas, reducing volume, or raising
temperature
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What happens to gas particles when temperature increases?
They move faster and
collide
more frequently
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What happens to atmospheric pressure with altitude?
It
decreases
with
higher
altitude
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How is speed measured?
In
meters per second
(m/s)
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What is the difference between speed and velocity?
Velocity includes
direction
, speed does
not
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How is speed calculated?
Speed =
distance
/
time
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What does the gradient of a distance-time graph represent?
The
speed
of the object
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How do you find the speed from a curved distance-time graph?
Draw a
tangent
and find its
gradient
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