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Paper 2
Organic chemistry
Cracking
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noor razzo
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Cards (17)
What are short-chain hydrocarbons known for?
They are
flammable
and make good fuels.
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Why are long-chain hydrocarbons not very useful?
They form thick gloopy liquids like
tar
.
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What is the process called that turns long-chain hydrocarbons into smaller ones?
Cracking
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What type of hydrocarbons are produced alongside alkanes during cracking?
Alkenes
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How are alkenes used in industry?
As starting materials for making other
compounds
.
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What type of reaction is cracking classified as?
A
thermal decomposition
reaction
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What is the first step in the cracking process?
Heat long-chain
hydrocarbons
to vaporise them.
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What happens to the vapour during cracking?
It is passed over a hot powdered
catalyst
.
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What is the catalyst used in catalytic cracking?
Powdered
aluminium oxide
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What is the process called when hydrocarbons are mixed with steam and heated?
Steam cracking
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How do you balance chemical equations for cracking?
Ensure equal
carbon
and
hydrogen
atoms on both sides.
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What is the significance of balancing chemical equations in cracking?
It ensures
conservation of mass
in reactions.
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What is the formula for pentane?
C<sub>5</sub>
H<sub>12</sub>
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What is the formula for ethene?
C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>
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What is the other hydrocarbon produced when pentane is cracked into ethene?
Butane
(C<sub>4</sub>
H<sub>10</sub>
)
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What are the methods of cracking hydrocarbons?
Catalytic cracking
: uses a
catalyst
.
Steam cracking: mixes hydrocarbons with
steam
and heats.
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What are the products of cracking and their uses?
Alkanes
: used as fuels (e.g.,
petrol
).
Alkenes
: used as starting materials for other compounds and polymers.
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