pt2

• What type of bacteria is Actinomyces?


  Non-motile, non-spore forming
• What type of environment does Actinomyces prefer?

  Capnophilic
• What is the Gram stain result for Actinomyces?

  Gram-positive bacteria, branching rods
• What type of media is required for Actinomyces to grow?

  Enriched media like serum or blood
• What structure do most Actinomyces species produce?

  A true mycelium that fragments
• How many species of Actinomyces commonly cause disease in domesticated animals?

  Four species
• Name one species of Actinomyces that causes disease.

  1. bovis
• Where is Actinomyces normally found in animals?

  Oral, gastrointestinal, urogenital tracts
• How is Actinomyces affected by heat and disinfectants?

  Readily killed by heat and disinfectants
• What was Arcanobacterium pyogenes formerly called?

  Actinomyces pyogenes
• What type of lesions does Arcanobacterium pyogenes commonly cause?

  Suppurative lesions
• What condition is associated with Arcanobacterium pyogenes in cattle?

  Summer mastitis
• What does the term "pyogenic" refer to in Arcanobacterium pyogenes?


  Pus-producing
• How does Arcanobacterium pyogenes appear on blood agar plates?

  Hemolytic
• What disease does Actinomyces bovis cause?

  Lumpy jaw
• What is the primary site of infection for Actinomyces bovis?

  Mandible and maxilla of cattle
• How does Actinomyces bovis typically invade tissues?

  Following trauma to the mucosa
• What are "sulphur granules" associated with in Actinomyces bovis infections?

  Characteristic club colonies in exudate
• What is the treatment of choice for small lesions caused by Actinomyces bovis?

  Surgery
• What media is good for isolating Actinomyces bovis?

  Loeffler’s blood serum slants
• Which antibiotics is Actinomyces bovis sensitive to?

  Penicillin and streptomycin
• What is one treatment option for Actinomyces bovis infections?

  Iodine compound
• What condition does Actinobaculum suis cause?

  Porcine cystitis and pyelonephritis
• How is Actinobaculum suis transmitted?

  At coitus
• What disease does Actinomyces viscosus cause in hamsters?

  Periodontal disease
• How does Actinomyces viscosus affect dogs?

  Causes abscessation
• How is Actinomyces viscosus diagnosed?

  Lack of club formation in lesions
• What distinguishes Actinomyces viscosus from Nocardia species?

  Failure to grow on SDA
• What shape are Mycobacterium bacteria?

  Rod-shaped
• What is a key feature of Mycobacterium's cell wall?

  Rich in lipids and mycolic acid
• What staining method is used for Mycobacterium?

  Ziehl-Neelsen staining
• How long can Mycobacterium survive in the environment?

  For months
• What type of media do pathogenic Mycobacterium species require?

  Complex egg-enriched media
• How do pathogenic Mycobacterium species grow?

  Slowly, colonies not visible for 3 weeks
• What is a characteristic of Mycobacterium's resistance?

  Resistant to adverse environmental influences
• What is Mycobacterium's susceptibility to heat treatment?

  Susceptible
• Name one closely-related member of Mycobacterium that causes tuberculosis in humans.

  1. tuberculosis
• What disease does Mycobacterium bovis cause in cattle?

  Tuberculosis

  
• Which animals are relatively resistant to Mycobacterium bovis?

  Dogs, sheep, and goats
• How is Mycobacterium bovis primarily transmitted?

  Aerosol/inhalation of infected droplets