Physics paper 2 practicals

• What is the aim of the investigating waves practical?

  • Measure wavelength, frequency, and speed of waves
  • Conducted in a ripple tank and on a string
• What apparatus is used in the ripple tank experiment?

  Ripple tank, strobe light, ruler, stopwatch
• How does the strobe light assist in the ripple tank experiment?

  It freezes the waves for better visibility
• How do you calculate the frequency of waves in the ripple tank?

  Count waves in 10 seconds, divide by 10
• What is the wave speed equation used in the ripple tank experiment?

  Wave speed = wavelength × frequency
• What happens to wave speed when tension in the string increases?

  Wave speed increases with higher tension
• What apparatus is used in the waves on a string experiment?

  Vibrating motor, string, pulley, ruler
• What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength in waves on a string?

  Higher frequency leads to shorter wavelengths
• How do you calculate wave speed in the waves on a string experiment?

  Use the wave equation with measured values
• What does Newton's Second Law state about force and mass?

  • Acceleration is directly proportional to force
  • Acceleration is inversely proportional to mass
• What apparatus is used in the force and acceleration experiment?

  Trolley, track, pulley, hanging masses
• How is acceleration measured in the force and acceleration experiment?

  Using light gates to measure speed
• What is the equation used to calculate acceleration in the experiment?

  Acceleration = (final velocity - initial velocity) / time
• What factors affect acceleration according to Newton's Second Law?

  Force and mass affect acceleration
• What is Hooke's Law regarding springs?

  • Force is proportional to extension until elastic limit
  • Beyond elastic limit, spring undergoes plastic deformation
• What apparatus is used in the Hooke's Law experiment?

  Clamp stand, ruler, spring, masses
• How do you measure extension in the Hooke's Law experiment?

  Measure new length and calculate extension
• What graph is plotted in the Hooke's Law experiment?

  Force (N) vs. extension (cm)
• What does the graph of Hooke's Law show initially?

  A straight line indicating elastic behavior
• What factors affect the period of a pendulum?

  • Length of the pendulum affects the period
  • Mass does not affect the time period
• What apparatus is used in the pendulum experiment?

  Pendulum, clamp stand, stopwatch, protractor
• How is the time period of a pendulum calculated?

  Divide total time by number of oscillations
• What is the effect of pendulum length on its period?

  Longer pendulums swing slower
• What errors can occur in the pendulum experiment?

  Timing inaccuracies and inconsistent angles
• What is the motor effect in a current-carrying wire?

  • Force on wire depends on current and magnetic field strength
  • Use Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule to predict direction
• What apparatus is used in the motor effect experiment?

  Horseshoe magnet, copper wire, ammeter
• How does increasing current affect the force on the wire?

  Increasing current increases the force
• What is the equation for force on a current-carrying wire?

  Force = Magnetic field strength × Current × Length
• What errors can occur in the motor effect experiment?

  Inconsistent wire positioning and current fluctuations