i WILL ace this

• The word communication comes from the Latin verb “communicare” which means “to share” or ‘to make something common”.
• communication is a two-way process by which information is exchanged within, between, or among individuals through a common system of signs, symbols, and behavior.
• COMMUNICATION IS A PROCESS

   
• COMMUNICATION IS A PROCESS

   

  Communication is a process. And not just any process but a “two-way” one.
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  In 1948, Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver developed a foundational model of communication that you will see in most textbooks. From their view, communication happens when an information source has a message and transmits it in the form of a signal through a channel. Then that signal is received and finally reaches its destination. Along the way, there might be some noise in the communication system that could negatively affect the process.
• The concept of feedback is not part of Shannon and Weaver’s Model of Communication. This is as oppose to what is being depicted in latter versions of the model. It is not part of the original illustration and was not included as a concept in the article that appeared in The Bell System Technical Journal. Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication is a linear model that describes how a message is transmitted, rather than exchanged.
• The phenomenon of information being shared can be best explored through Wilbur Schramm’s Model of Communication. As far as illustrations go, there are multiple versions of Schramm’s model. So rather than focusing on how it looks, let us talk about its components and how they interact and show us how information are exchanged.
• The participants in Schramm’s model are referred to as Encoder-Sender and Receiver-Decoder.
• Schramm used a Venn diagram to depict the respective fields of experiences of the communicators.
• Field of experience pertains to the totality of a communicator’s experiences and knowledge which affects the message formation (encoding) and interpretation (decoding).
• The overlapping of circles in a Venn diagram denotes a start in conversation.
• The bigger the overlapping areas in a Venn diagram, the stronger the signal becomes.
• Feedback is also included as an element in Schramm’s model.
• The more the communicators interact with each other, the more information are exchanged, resulting in the expansion of their respective field of experiences.
• LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION

  Communication happens “within, between, or among individuals”.

  This part of the definition highlights the levels of communication. From doing it intrapersonally (or talking to one’s self) to interacting with the public, communication may involve different number of participants.
• 1. Intrapersonal communication – communication within one’s self (self dialogue)
• 2. Interpersonal communication – the process of exchange of information, ideas, and feelings between two or more people through interaction; often includes the face-to-face exchange of information in the form of voice, facial expressions, body language, and/or gestures
• 3. Small-group communication – refers to interactions among three or more people who are connected through a common purpose, mutual influence, and/or shared identity, just like in social organizations such as civic groups, clubs, church assemblies, and so on
• 4. Public communication – takes place when individuals and groups engage in dialogues in the public sphere in order to deliver a message to a specific audience
• 5. Mediated communication – refers to communication carried out by the use of information communication technology and can be contrasted to face-to-face communication; usually requires some technical expertise to operate mediating technologies like texting, using telephone or cellular phones, e-mailing, and video conferencing
• The last part of the definition describes communication as being done “through a common system of signs, symbols, and behavior”. A common system enables successful transmission of ideas within, between, or among communicators. And these ideas may come in different forms. A sign is an indicator or marker for something very specific, very concrete, and in general, unambiguous in meaning. For example, road markers are called signs because they usually convey something very specific like STOP, a street name, or a certain speed limit.
• On the other hand, a symbol can have complex meanings and nuances that differ from one person to another depending on their experience, culture, upbringing, et cetera. It conveys a message of deeper meaning and is open to multiple interpretations. For example, in Iran, Afghanistan, and parts of Greece, the thumbs up is more of an obscene gesture, similar to saying “f you”.
• And lastly, behavior. Communicative behavior as a psychological construct influences individual differences in the expression of feelings, needs, and thoughts as substitute for more direct communication. Say, someone who is trying to condole a friend hugs the latter. The friend appreciates the hug but another person saw it and, without knowing the context of the situation, ended up putting malice into it.
• Again, communication is a two-way process by which information is exchanged within, between, or among individuals through a common system of signs, symbols, and behavior.