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biology paper 2
variation and evolution
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Cards (241)
What process describes the formation of four non-identical cells from one cell?
Meiosis
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What process describes the formation of two identical cells from one cell?
Mitosis
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What process is involved in sexual reproduction?
Joining of male and female
gametes
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In animals, what are the male and female gametes?
Sperm
and
egg cells
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In flowering plants, what are the male and female gametes?
Pollen
and
egg cells
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How are gametes formed?
By
meiosis
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How many chromosomes does a normal human cell have?
46
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How many sets of chromosomes are in a normal cell?
Two
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How many chromosomes does each gamete have?
23
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What happens to gametes during fertilization?
They
fuse
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What does the mixing of genetic information from each parent produce?
Variation in the
offspring
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What is the main characteristic of asexual reproduction?
Involves one
parent
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What process is used in asexual reproduction?
Mitosis
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What happens to genetic information during asexual reproduction?
There is no
mixing
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What are the products of asexual reproduction called?
Clones
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What is a clone?
Genetically
identical to each other
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What type of organisms reproduce asexually?
Bacteria
, some plants and animals
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What type of cell division produces gametes?
Meiosis
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In what type of organs does meiosis occur?
Reproductive organs
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What happens to the amount of genetic information before meiosis begins?
It
doubles
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How many copies of each chromosome do gametes have?
One
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How many chromosomes are in each of the two cells after the first meiotic division?
46
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How many chromosomes are in each of the four cells after the second meiotic division?
23
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Why are gametes genetically different from each other?
Chromosomes
are shuffled during
meiosis
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What happens when gametes with 23 chromosomes join?
Produce a cell with
46
chromosomes
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What process does the cell undergo after fertilization to produce many copies?
Mitosis
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What forms as more and more cells are produced after fertilization?
An
embryo
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What happens to cells after the embryo forms?
They begin to
differentiate
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What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?
Produces
variation
in offspring
Allows for selective breeding by mixing
genetic information
Speeds up
natural selection
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What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?
Only one parent is needed
Uses less energy and is faster
Many identical
offspring
can be produced quickly
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Where do malarial parasites reproduce sexually?
In the
mosquito
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Where do malarial parasites reproduce asexually?
In the
human host
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Why do some fungi reproduce sexually when conditions change?
To increase
variation
and avoid
extinction
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How do many plants reproduce sexually?
Using
pollen
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How do strawberry plants reproduce asexually?
Using
runners
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How do daffodils reproduce asexually?
From
bulbs
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Why is asexual reproduction advantageous for plants when flowers are destroyed?
They can still
reproduce
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What is the structure of DNA?
Double helix
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What chemical is the genetic material in the nucleus composed of?
DNA
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What are the building blocks of a gene on a chromosome?
A
triplet
of bases
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