variation and evolution

    Cards (241)

    • What process describes the formation of four non-identical cells from one cell?
      Meiosis
    • What process describes the formation of two identical cells from one cell?
      Mitosis
    • What process is involved in sexual reproduction?
      Joining of male and female gametes
    • In animals, what are the male and female gametes?
      Sperm and egg cells
    • In flowering plants, what are the male and female gametes?
      Pollen and egg cells
    • How are gametes formed?
      By meiosis
    • How many chromosomes does a normal human cell have?
      46
    • How many sets of chromosomes are in a normal cell?
      Two
    • How many chromosomes does each gamete have?
      23
    • What happens to gametes during fertilization?
      They fuse
    • What does the mixing of genetic information from each parent produce?
      Variation in the offspring
    • What is the main characteristic of asexual reproduction?
      Involves one parent
    • What process is used in asexual reproduction?
      Mitosis
    • What happens to genetic information during asexual reproduction?
      There is no mixing
    • What are the products of asexual reproduction called?
      Clones
    • What is a clone?
      Genetically identical to each other
    • What type of organisms reproduce asexually?
      Bacteria, some plants and animals
    • What type of cell division produces gametes?
      Meiosis
    • In what type of organs does meiosis occur?
      Reproductive organs
    • What happens to the amount of genetic information before meiosis begins?
      It doubles
    • How many copies of each chromosome do gametes have?
      One
    • How many chromosomes are in each of the two cells after the first meiotic division?
      46
    • How many chromosomes are in each of the four cells after the second meiotic division?
      23
    • Why are gametes genetically different from each other?
      Chromosomes are shuffled during meiosis
    • What happens when gametes with 23 chromosomes join?
      Produce a cell with 46 chromosomes
    • What process does the cell undergo after fertilization to produce many copies?
      Mitosis
    • What forms as more and more cells are produced after fertilization?
      An embryo
    • What happens to cells after the embryo forms?
      They begin to differentiate
    • What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?
      • Produces variation in offspring
      • Allows for selective breeding by mixing genetic information
      • Speeds up natural selection
    • What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?
      • Only one parent is needed
      • Uses less energy and is faster
      • Many identical offspring can be produced quickly
    • Where do malarial parasites reproduce sexually?
      In the mosquito
    • Where do malarial parasites reproduce asexually?
      In the human host
    • Why do some fungi reproduce sexually when conditions change?
      To increase variation and avoid extinction
    • How do many plants reproduce sexually?
      Using pollen
    • How do strawberry plants reproduce asexually?
      Using runners
    • How do daffodils reproduce asexually?
      From bulbs
    • Why is asexual reproduction advantageous for plants when flowers are destroyed?
      They can still reproduce
    • What is the structure of DNA?
      Double helix
    • What chemical is the genetic material in the nucleus composed of?
      DNA
    • What are the building blocks of a gene on a chromosome?
      A triplet of bases