Light Reflection and Refraction

• The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence, as per Newton's law of reflection.
• The angle of incidence is the angle between the incident ray and the normal line.
• Light travels faster through air than water or glass due to its higher refractive index.
• The angle of reflection is the angle between the reflected ray and the normal line.
• When light exits a less dense medium (air) into a more dense medium (glass), it speeds up and bends away from the normal line.
• When light enters a denser medium (water), it slows down and bends towards the normal line.
• Difference between real and virtual image
• Real images can be projected onto a screen, while virtual images cannot.
• Virtual images are formed by rays that appear to come from behind the object, while real images are formed by rays that actually pass through the object.
• Convex lenses converge parallel rays of light, forming an image on the other side of the lens.
• Virtual images are formed by parallel rays that appear to come from behind the mirror, while real images are formed by converging rays that actually fall on the screen.
• Difference between concave and convex mirrors
• Define principal focus of concave mirror