reproduction

• What is sexual reproduction?

  Joining (fusion) of male and female gametes
• What type of cell division is involved in sexual reproduction?

  Meiosis
• What type of cell division is involved in asexual reproduction?

  Mitosis
• What is meiosis?

  Cell division that produces four daughter cells
• What are the male and female sex chromosomes in humans?

  XXX-female, XY-male
• What are the male and female gametes in flowering plants?

  Pollen - male gamete, ovule - female gamete
• What is the genetic material in cells called?

  DNA
• What is the structure of DNA?

  Two complementary strands forming a double helix
• What is a gene?

  Small section of DNA that codes for a protein
• What are alleles?

  Different forms of the same gene
• What is a recessive allele?

  Allele that needs to be present twice to be expressed
• What is a dominant allele?

  Allele that is always expressed, even if one copy is present
• What is a genome?

  The entire genetic material of an organism
• Define the term homozygous.

  Two of the same alleles present in an organism
• Define the term heterozygous.

  Two different alleles present in an organism
• What type of allele causes polydactyly?

  Dominant allele
• What type of allele causes cystic fibrosis?

  Recessive allele
• How many chromosomes do normal human body cells have?

  23 pairs (46)
• Why is studying the human genome important?

  Search for genes linked to certain diseases
• What are the benefits of studying the human genome?

  Understanding and treatment of inherited disorders
• What is one application of studying the human genome?

  Tracing past human migration