C6

• What do steeper lines on a rate of reaction graph indicate?

  Faster rate of reaction
• In what units can the amount of product be measured?

  g, cm³, or moles
• How can more product be formed in a reaction?

  By using more reactant
• What do flat lines on a rate of reaction graph indicate?

  The reaction has finished
• How is time typically measured in reactions?

  In seconds
• What is the formula for mean rate of reaction?

  Amount of product formed/Time
• What are the common units of rate of reaction?

  g/s, cm³/s, mol/s
• How do you find the rate at a specific point on a graph?

  By drawing a tangent to the curve
• What does the gradient of a rate graph represent?

  The rate of reaction
• How do you calculate the mean rate over a period of time?

  Overall change in y/total time taken
• What does collision theory state about reaction rates?

  More collisions lead to faster reactions
• What is activation energy?

  The minimum energy needed for a reaction
• How does temperature affect reaction rates?

  Higher temperature increases collision frequency
• What happens to particles at higher temperatures?

  They move faster and collide more frequently
• How does pressure or concentration affect reaction rates?

  Higher concentration increases collision frequency
• What is the effect of surface area on reaction rates?

  More surface area leads to more collisions
• What do catalysts do in a reaction?

  Speed up reactions without being used up
• How does the size of solid pieces affect reaction rates?

  Smaller pieces have a larger surface area
• What are enzymes?

  Biological catalysts
• When can equilibrium be reached in a reaction?

  In a closed system during a reversible reaction
• What does the equation A + B ⇌ C + D represent?

  A reversible reaction at equilibrium
• What happens to concentrations at equilibrium?

  They do not change
• How does cooling affect the direction of a reversible reaction?

  It favors the endothermic direction
• How does heating affect the direction of a reversible reaction?

  It favors the exothermic direction
• What is Le Chatelier's Principle?

  System counteracts changes at equilibrium
• What happens when temperature increases in a reversible reaction?

  Shifts to the endothermic direction
• What happens when pressure increases in a reversible reaction?

  Shifts to the side with fewer gas molecules
• What happens when the concentration of reactants increases?

  More products are made
• What happens when the concentration of reactants decreases?

  More reactants are made