C10

• What are the main materials used to make glass?

  Sand, sodium carbonate, and limestone
• What type of glass has a higher melting point than soda-lime glass?

  Borosilicate glass
• What is the process used to make bricks?

  Wet clay is moulded
• How do polymers differ based on their production?

  They have different properties based on production
• What is the property of low density poly(ethene)?

  Flexible
• What is the property of high density poly(ethene)?

  Rigid
• What type of intermolecular bonds do thermosoftening polymers have?

  Weak forces between individual polymer chains
• What is a characteristic of thermosetting polymers?

  They form cross-links between polymer chains
• What is corrosion?

  Metals react with substances and are destroyed
• What is rusting?

  Corrosion of iron by water and air
• What happens to iron in the absence of air and water?

  No rust forms
• What are three ways to prevent rusting?

  Barrier methods, sacrificial method, galvanisation
• What is sustainable development?

  • Meeting present needs
  • Not damaging future generations
• What are finite resources?

  Resources that will eventually run out
• What is a life cycle assessment (LCA)?

  An assessment of a product's environmental impact
• What are the stages of a life cycle assessment?

  1. Raw Materials
  2. Manufacturing and Packaging
  3. Using the Product
  4. Product Disposal
• What is the difference between renewable and finite resources?

  Renewable resources can replenish; finite cannot
• What is potable water?

  Water that is safe to drink
• What is the purpose of desalination?

  To make sea water potable
• What are two methods of desalination?

  Distillation and reverse osmosis
• What is the Haber process used for?

  Producing ammonia for fertilizers
• What is the reaction equation for the Haber process?

  N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃
• What are the reaction conditions for the Haber process?

  450 °C and 200 atm pressure
• What are the key elements in NPK fertilizers?

  • Nitrogen (N)
  • Phosphorus (P)
  • Potassium (K)
• How is ammonium nitrate produced?

  By reacting ammonia with nitric acid
• What is the result of the reaction between ammonia and nitric acid?

  Ammonium nitrate
• What is the source of potassium in fertilizers?

  Potassium chloride and potassium sulfate
• What must phosphate rock be reacted with to produce soluble phosphate salts?

  Acid