TFN (Non-Nursing Theorist)

• Ludwig Von Bertalanffy’s: General Systems Theory
• System theory: is the interdisciplinary study of system
• General System Theory is a general science of “wholeness”
• Every system is bounded by space and time, influenced by its environment, defined by its structure and purpose, and expressed through its functioning
• System may be more than the sum of its part
• The parts rely on one another, are interrelated, share a common purpose, and together form a whole.
•  Purpose of general system theory: We seek some way of ordering what we encounter to avoid being overloaded with information.
•  A system is ever-changing and nay change in one part affects the whole
• Input: information that enters the system
• Feedback: process through which the output is returned to the system
• Input: The energy & raw material transformed by the system
• Throughput: The process used by the system to convert raw

  materials or energy from the environment into products by either the system itself or the environment
• Output: The product or service which results from the systems
• Feedback:  can be used to evaluate & monitor the system & to guide it to more effective performance.
• Subsystem: A system which is a part of a larger system.
• dynamic/active system: Interact in behavior and processes
• dynamic/active system:

  • hava changes
• Dynamic/active system: (A healthy young adult grows more independent, interdependent, &s self-directed in response to stimuli from peers, family, school, work, and recreational activities.)
• passive/static system

  • Being processed and no changes
• Closed systems: Fixed, automatic relationships
• Closed systems: no give or take or interaction with the environment
• Open systems: Interacts with the environment
• Boundary:The line or point where a system or subsystem can be differentiated from its environment or from other subsystems.
• Goal: The overall purpose for existence or the desired outcomes.
• Entropy: The tendency for a system to develop order & energy over time.
• Negentropy:The tendency of a system to lose energy & dissolve into chaos.
• Control or Cybernation: make Corrections.
• Equifinality: Objectives can be achieved with varying inputs & in different ways
• An open system and its environment are highly interrelated
• A change on only one of the elements must produce change in all the others.
• All systems tend toward equilibrium, which is a balance of various forces within and outside of a system.
• To be visible, a system must be strongly goal-directed, governed by feedback, and have the ability to adapt to changing circumstances.
• general system theory: focus on stability rather than the change
• KURT LEWINS: Change Theory
• change theory: “a dynamic balance of forces working in opposing directions”
• change theory: “a comprehensive description and illustration of how and why a desired change is expected to happen in a particular context.”
• DRIVING FORCES: those that push in a direction that causes change
• Driving forces: They cause a shift in the equilibrium towards change.
• RESTRAINING FORCES: hinder change because they push the patient in the opposite direction.
• RESTRAINING FORCES: They cause shifts in the equilibrium that opposes change.