Biology - Biotechnology

    Cards (58)

    • What is biotechnology defined as?
      The use of living cells for industrial purposes
    • What is the primary focus of biotechnology?
      Industrial and other purposes
    • Which areas commonly use biotechnology?
      • Brewing and Wine Making
      • Yoghurt and Cheese Production
      • Production of some medicines
      • Sewage Treatment
    • What are microorganisms?
      Very small living organisms
    • Why are microscopes necessary to study microorganisms?
      They are too small to be seen
    • Under what conditions do microbes typically grow quickly?
      Under the right conditions
    • What controls the activities of microorganisms?
      Enzymes
    • What two environmental factors significantly influence enzyme activity in microorganisms?
      Temperature and pH
    • What are the two main types of microorganisms?
      Bacteria and fungi
    • What does bacteria feed on during yoghurt making?
      The sugar (lactose)
    • What is lactose converted to by bacteria during yoghurt production?
      Lactic acid
    • What taste does lactic acid give to yoghurt?
      A sharp taste
    • What effect does lactic acid have on milk during yoghurt production?
      It thickens it
    • What type of process is the souring of milk?
      A fermentation process
    • How does the drop in pH preserve milk during yoghurt production?
      Stops the growth of other bacteria
    • What is the first step in yoghurt production?
      To heat the milk
    • Why is milk heated during yoghurt production?
      To kill any unwanted bacteria
    • What is the second reason for heating milk in yoghurt production?
      To denature the whey proteins
    • What does denaturing whey proteins achieve in yoghurt production?
      Milk binds together instead of forming curds
    • Cheese is made from what?
      Liquid milk
    • What process is used to make cheese?
      Bacteria
    • What needs to happen to milk to separate the milk solids (curds) from the liquid part (whey)?
      Milk has to be curdled
    • What chemical is used to curdle milk in cheese making?
      Rennet
    • What does rennet contain that causes the milk to clot?
      An enzyme
    • What happens to the curd after it is formed?
      Allowed to ripen and mature
    • How are some cheeses flavored?
      By adding different microbes
    • What type of organism is yeast?
      A single celled fungus
    • How does yeast reproduce?
      By budding
    • What cellular structures do yeast cells resemble?
      Plant cells
    • What structure is found around the outside of yeast cells?
      A cell wall
    • What is the vacuole in a yeast cell described as?
      Looks like a space
    • Under what oxygen conditions do yeast microbes respire during fermentation?
      Without oxygen
    • What process in yeast do we use in biotechnology?
      Natural fermentation
    • Why is carbon dioxide essential in baking?
      Gas bubbles make the bread rise
    • What industry utilizes the alcohol produced during yeast fermentation?
      Brewing and wine making industries
    • What is batch processing designed to provide?
      The best conditions for fermentation
    • What happens after adding raw materials, nutrients, and microbes in batch processing?
      The system is left untouched
    • In batch processing, when does fermentation end?
      When the product is removed
    • What is a biofuel?
      A fuel made by a biological process
    • What materials do microorganisms act on to create biofuels?
      Plants
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