section 4 rome

• Apennines

  a mountain range extending the length of the Italian peninsula
• Alps

  Europe's Largest Mountain system
• peninsula


  A piece of land that is surrounded by water on three sides.
• Romulus and Remus


  Traditional story of how Rome began. Twins abandoned and rescued by a wolf, raised by a shepherd . Grew to build Rome. Romulus later killed Remus
• legend


  a traditional story sometimes popularly regarded as historical but unauthenticated.
• Republic


  A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting
• Dictators

  a ruler who has almost absolute power
• Plebians


  Members of the lower class of Ancient Rome including farmers, merchants, artisans and traders
• patricians


  The wealthy, hereditary aristocrats during the Roman era.
• magistrate


  a civil officer charged with the administration of the law
• consul


  An elected official who led the Roman Republic
• Roman senate


  a council of wealthy and powerful Romans that advised the city's leaders
• veto

  to reject
• Latin


  The language of the Romans
• civic duty


  the idea that citizens have a responsibility to help their country or city
• Checks and Balances


  A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power
• Law of the Twelve Tables

  In 40 B.C when the Roman government wrote the laws of Rome on 12 tablets. This made Plebeians capable to appeal against patrician judge. Now they would be obeyed because the laws were strictly written down, and all citizens know to follow the laws. established by Julius Ceaser
• Forum


  Rome's public meeting place many meetings were held there
• Punic Wars


  A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean.
• Legions and Centuries


  a unit of 100-1,000 men in the ancient Roman army.
• Spartacus


  A Roman gladiator who led the most serious slave revolt in Roman history
• Roman Numerals


  System of counting invented by Romans
• gladiators


  trained fighters, usually slaves, who fought in arenas as entertainment
• 1st Triumvirate


  The first attempt of the men by the names of Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey who try to save the replublic. Caesar gains this power
• Julius Caesar


  Made dictator for life, after conquering Gaul, assassinated by the Senate because they were afraid of his power
• 2nd Triumvirate


  Octavian, Marc Antony, Lepidus. Initially fought each other but joined forces to defeat army led by assassins of Caesar. Eventually split up empire between the 3 of them
• Marc Antony and Cleopatra


  Roman Consul who joined forces with the Egyptian Queen to fight for control of Rome. They lost to Octavian and committed suicide.
• Cleopatra


  last pharaoh of Egypt; had relationships with Julius Caesar and Marc Antony; Octavian's enemy
• Octavion (Augustus)


  Defeated all rivals in a power struggle after the death of Caesar. He became Rome's first emperor and his reign marks the beginning of the Roman empire and the pax Romana.
• Pax Romana


  A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire
• Aqueducts


  Bridge-like stone structures that carry water from the hills into Roman cities