Module 10

• Americans blamed Hoover for the great depression they called homeless communities Hooverville’s
• Americans believed Hoover was insensitive to the struggles but he still ran for president in 1932
• 1932 election:

  Herbert Hoover (republican)

  Franklin Delano Roosevelt (democrat)
• FDR was the governor of New York. he won the election and developed the new deal, which was a plan to help the economy
• three goals of FDR: relief, recovery, and reform
• fDR’s philosophy: try something, and if it fails, try something else, but always try something
• fDR’s philosophy was built on trial and error
• in FDR‘s inauguration, he said “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself”
• FDR suffered from polio which crippled him into a wheelchair. as a result, FDR relied on his wife Eleanor Roosevelt.
• FDR called Eleanor, his eyes and ears
• Eleanor Roosevelt wrote a weekly article in the newspaper title “my day”. She gave Americans advice.
• fDR’s first priority was to fix the banks. He had a weekly radio show titled fireside chats where he simplified and explain his new deal programs.
• CCC labor jobs: building roads, cleaning land for parks, planting trees
• Dr. Townsend, Charles Coughlin, and Senator Huey long criticized FDR‘s new deal plans. they believed his policies favored the wealthy.
• Senator Huey long proposed a “share our wealth” program, which would evenly distribute money
• Dorothea Lange: photographer who photographed those who suffered the most in hopes to give them releif
• 1936 election: FDR won and developed the 2nd new deal

  Democrat: FDR

  Republican: Alfred Landon (Kansas governor)
• WPA: works progress Administration

  • built airports
  • provided more jobs than any other program
• The development of unions was the biggest factor for getting better pay
• Social Security Act:

  part one: monthly retirement payment

  part two: unemployment insurance that paid monthly payments to unemployed people

  Part three: disability insurance paid those who were disabled, and couldn’t work
• Marian Anderson: a black singer, who sang from the steps on the Lincoln Memorial she became a progressive symbol for minorities
• Frances Perkins: a member of FDR’s cabinet. First woman to be a part of the cabinet secretary of labor.
• Mary Bethune: an educator, and Eleanor Roosevelt’s friend, who was hired by FDR to create a black cabinet
• Black cabinet: a group of blacks, the advised FDR on racial issues
• New deal coalition: alignment of diverse groups dedicated to supporting the democratic party
• strikes became common in the 30s. The most popular strike was the sit down strike
• Americans looked forward to going to the movies 65% Americans went every week. It cost $.25 to watch movie and they were 15K movie theaters in our country.
• 90% of homes had radios. The most famous movie of the 30s was gone with the wind staring Clark gables.
• Woody Guthrie: a famous singer songwriter, whose music focused on American struggles