Biology Paper 1 - stem cells

• What are stem cells known for?

  They can differentiate into different cell types.
• Why is stem cell research considered exciting?

  It has potential for various medical applications.
• What is the first type of stem cell mentioned?

  Cells that differentiate to become specialized.
• What can stem cells produce?

  Many different types of differentiated cells.
• What are undifferentiated cells called?

  Stem cells
• What are embryonic stem cells derived from?

  Early human embryos
• What can embryonic stem cells turn into?

  Any kind of cell at all.
• Do adults have stem cells?

  Yes, in certain places in the body.
• Where are adult stem cells found?

  In specific locations like bone marrow.
• What can adult stem cells produce?

  Specific types of specialized cells.
• What can stem cells from embryos and bone marrow do?

  They can be cloned in a lab.
• How can cloned stem cells be used?

  In medicine or research.
• What is a potential use of stem cells in medicine?

  To replace faulty cells in sick people.
• What is one way stem cells could help sick people?

  By replacing faulty cells.
• What is the term for making an embryo with the same genes as a patient?

  Therapeutic cloning
• What does therapeutic cloning allow for?

  Creating tissues that won't be rejected.
• What is a risk associated with using stem cells in medicine?

  They could be infected with a virus.
• What could happen if stem cells are infected?

  They could pass the virus to a patient.
• What is a concern with using stem cells from embryos?

  Ethical issues regarding embryo use.
• What is a potential benefit of stem cell therapy?

  It could cure various diseases.
• What is a limitation of stem cell therapy?

  It may not work for everyone.
• What is a challenge in stem cell research?

  Finding safe and effective methods.
• What is a potential outcome of successful stem cell research?

  Advancements in regenerative medicine.
• What are stem cells derived from?

  The embryo
• Why wouldn't stem cells be rejected by the patient's body?

  They are derived from the patient's own embryo
• What is a risk involved in using stem cells in medicine?

  They could be infected with a virus
• How could a virus affect stem cells used in treatment?

  The virus could be passed to a patient
• What do some people believe about using embryos for research?

  It should not be used for research
• Why do some argue against using embryos in research?

  Each embryo could represent a human life
• What do others argue is more important than embryo rights?

  Curing suffering patients
• What do some scientists believe about the sources of stem cells?

  They should find other sources
• What are the uses of stem cells in producing identical plants?

  • Stem cells can produce clones of plants.
  • Clones can be made quickly and cheaply.
  • Useful for preserving rare species and crops.
• What are meristems in plants?

  Regions where growth occurs
• Where do meristems occur in plants?

  At the tips of roots and shoots
• What can stem cells in meristems differentiate into?

  Any type of plant cell
• How can stem cells be used throughout a plant's life?

  They can differentiate at any stage
• What can stem cells be used to create in plants?

  Clones of plants
• What types of plants can be cloned using stem cells?

  Rare species and crop plants
• How do cloned plants benefit farmers?

  They provide consistent quality and yield
• What is a concern regarding the use of cloned plants?

  They may lack genetic diversity