RPH

• During the Spanish occupation in the Philippines, abuses among the Filipinos became rampant, leading to a sense of Nationalism or Patriotism among Filipinos.
• Nationalism is loyalty and devotion to a nation, and a sense of national consciousness exalting one nation above all others and placing primary emphasis on the promotion of its culture and interests as opposed to those of other nations or supranational groups.
• Patriotism, or national pride, is the feeling of love, devotion and sense of attachment to a homeland and alliance with other citizens who share the same sentiment.
• The building of the Suez Canal made it possible for the Philippine economy to grow, leading to the rise of a new class of rich and highly educated locals called the Illustrados.
• The rise of the “ Illustrados ” was inevitable and they became the new patrons of the arts that led to the secularization of arts in the 19th century.
• “ Revolution of Disgust in Spain ” refers to the ousting of Queen Isabela II due to her extravagant lifestyle amidst the people’s sufferings and clamor for good governance.
• Francisco Serrano was the leader of the revolt that toppled the monarchy of Isabela II.
• The Liberal Republic established by Francisco Serrano replaced all the colonial leaders and installed Carlos Maria Dela Torre as Governor General in the Philippines.
• Residents of Calamba, including the Rizal family, disputed with the Dominican friars over the ownership of Haciendas in Calamba from 1887 to 1891.
• One of the special features of the colonial government in the Philippines was the unification of the church and state, a time when the pope in Vatican gave the King of Spain a special power over the churches in the colony.
• Spaniards at the time perceived the natives as savages and unintelligent.
• Early Filipinos observed how the Spaniards treated them as an inferior race, calling them Indio because of their brown color, diminutive stature, and relatively lack of education.