CELL

• CELL 


  THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE
• Robert Hooke (1665)


  ➢ Discovered the cell in 1665
• Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek


  ➢ FATHER OF MICROBIOLOGY The first to provide insight into the

  inside of the cell.
• Prokaryotes


  single-celled organisms belonging to

  the domains Bacteria and Archaea. have no

  nucleus, and lack organelles. All

  --- are encased by a cell

  wall.
• Eukaryote


  organisms whose cells contain a

  nucleus and other membrane-bound

  organelles.
• Nucleus


  Structure of a cell Controls most cell

  processes. Contains the hereditary

  information of the cell (DNA in the

  form of chromatin). Surrounded by a

  nuclear membrane or Nuclear

  envelope. Controls movement of a

  substance through the nuclear pores
• Nucleolus


  primary function is to

  produce and assemble the cell's

  ribosomes. also

  where ribosomal RNA genes are

  transcribed.
• Nucleoplasm


  semi-fluid substance

  within the nucleus
• Chromatin


  condensed or coiled

  DNA where it turns to chromosome

  during cell division.
• Euchromatin


  loose chromatin that participates in the

  transcription process, found in the

  center of the nucleus
• Smooth ER


  Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) synthesizes lipids,

  phospholipids as in plasma

  membranes, and steroids.
• Rough ER


  Endo plasmic reticulum (ER)a cellular organelle

  composed of many folds of tissues

  and channels.
• Golgi Apparatus


  Modify, sort, and package proteins

  and other materials from the ER for

  storage in the cell or release from the

  cell. It puts the finishing touches on

  proteins.
• Plasma Membrane


  Regulates the entrance and exit of

  molecules into and out of the cell
• Ribosome


  an intercellular structure made of both

  RNA and protein and it is the site of

  protein synthesis in the cell. Consists

  of 70% protein.
• Lysosome


  a membrane-bound cell organelle that

  contains digestive enzymes. involved with various

  cell processes. They break down

  excess or worn-out cell parts.
• Peroxisome


  organelles that sequester diverse

  oxidative reactions and play important

  roles in metabolism, reactive oxygen

  species detoxification, and signaling.
• Mitochondria


  the powerhouses of the cell. Their

  main function is to generate the

  energy necessary to power cells.
• Mitochondrial matrix


  Mitochondrial

  DNA
• Cytoskeleton


  a structure that helps cells maintain

  their shape and internal organization,
• Intermediate Filament


  a type of

  cytoskeletal element made of multiple

  strands of fibrous proteins wound

  together.
• MicroFilament


  assists with cell

  movement and is made of a protein

  called actin.
• Microtubules


  determine cell shape

  and various cell movements, including

  some forms of cell locomotion, the

  intracellular transport of organelles,

  and the separation of chromosomes

  during mitosis.
• Cytoplasm


  fluid substance

  inside of a cell. It includes everything

  inside the cell membrane except for

  the nucleus.
• cytosol


  is the watery

  portion of the cytoplasm that all the

  organelles float in. 70% water and

  contains organelles and enzymes
• Chloroplast STRUCTURE 


  Oval organelle surrounded

  by a double membrane that encloses

  a system of flattened membranous

  sacs
• Chloroplast 


  performs photosynthesis
• CHLOROPLAST


  Found In Plant cells only
• vacuole


  is the storage structure

  in a cell.

  ➢ It can hold food for later use or waste

  for removal.
• Robert Hooke (1665)


  Discovered the cell in 1665.
• Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek


  The first to provide insight into the

  inside of the cell
• Prokaryotes


  single-celled organisms belonging to

  the domains Bacteria and Archaea.

  are much smaller

  than eukaryotic cells, have no

  nucleus, and lack organelles. All

  are encased by a cell

  wall.
• Eukaryote


  organisms whose cells contain a

  nucleus and other membrane-bound

  organelles.
• Nucleus


  Controls most cell

  processes. Contains the hereditary

  information of the cell (DNA in the

  form of chromatin). Surrounded by a

  nuclear membrane or Nuclear

  envelope. Controls movement of a

  substance through the nuclear pores
• Nucleolus


  primary function is to

  produce and assemble the cell's

  ribosomes. The is also

  where ribosomal RNA genes are

  transcribed.