Clinical Disorders

• What type of disorder are phobias classified as?

  Anxiety disorder
• Outline what is meant by phobias

  Extreme anxiety irrational experience of fear/anxiety in response to a phobic stimulus
• What are the categories of phobias?

  Specific phobia, social phobia, agoraphobia
• What is a specific phobia?

  Fear of a specific object or situation
• What is social phobia?

  Fear of social situations
• What is agoraphobia?

  Fear of being in public places
• What are the cognitive characteristics of phobias?

  Selective attention and irrational thinking
• What are the emotional characteristics of phobias

  • fear
  • responded are unreasonable & disproportionate to threat posed
• What are the behavioural characteristics of phobias?

  • Avoidance
  • panic
  • freezing
• Outline what is meant by Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

  condition characterised by obsessions and/or compulsive behaviour
• What is an example of compulsive behavior in OCD?

  Hand washing due to obsession of cleanliness
• What is the cycle of OCD?

  Obsessive thoughts — to anxiety —> compulsive behavior —> temporary relief —> obsessive thought
• What are the cognitive characteristics of OCD?

  • Recurring & intrusive obsessive thoughts
  • selective attention
  • know obsessions/compulsions are irrational
  • catastrophic thoughts —> hyper vigilance
• What are the emotional characteristics of OCD?

  • Anxiety
  • depression
  • disgust towards self or smth external
• What type of disorder is depression classified as?

  Mood disorder
• Outline what is meant by depression

  mental disorder characterised by low mood and low energy levels
• What are the cognitive characteristics of depression?

  • Diminished ability to concentrate
  • tendency to focus on the negative
  • absolutist thinking
• What are the emotional characteristics of depression?

  • Feelings of worthlessness
  • lowered mood
  • lack of pleasure in activities
  • anger at self or others
• What are the behavioural characteristics of depression?

  • loss of energy
  • Sleep disturbances (insomnia/hypersomnia)
  • weight gain/loss
• What are the behavioural characteristics of OCD?

  • compulsions
  • avoidance