monohybrid inheritance

• Gene - sequence of bases in DNA that code for a functional molecule - for example a functional polypeptide 
• Allele - one of two or more different forms of a gene - may be an difference in base order 
• Autosomes - 22 pairs of chromosomes 
• Sexchromosomes - 23 pairs of chromosomes 
• Sperm and egg cells are haploid. Fertilised egg cells are diploid. 
• Genotype:

  • All the organisms genes 
  • Can be the gene controlling a single characteristic 
• Phenotype:

  • Observable characteristics 
  • Physical expression of genotype 
  • Determined by interactions between the environment and the genotype of an organism. 
• The location of a gene is the locus. 
• Parent generation - p generation

  • First reproduction of p generation - F1 generation 
  • Reproduction of F1 generation - F2 generation 
• Monohybrid cross:

  • Show parental phenotypes 
  • Show parental genotypes 
  • Show all the potential gamete genotypes 
  • Show offspring genotypes - F1 
  • Show the offspring phenotypes