ie/ü -> o -> o pattern

• verbs that follow this pattern:

  • bieten (to offer) pp=+haben
  • fliegen (to fly) pp=+sein
  • fliehen (to flee) pp=+sein
  • frieren (to freeze) pp=+ sein
  • genießen (to enjoy) pp=+haben
  • gieß (to pour) pp=+haben
  • kriechen (to craw) pp=+sein
  • riechen (to smoke) pp=+haben
  • schieben (to push/shove) pp=+haben
  • schießen (to shoot) pp=+haben
  • schließen (to close) pp=+haben
  • verlieren (to lose) pp=+haben
  • wiegen (to weigh) pp=+haben
  • ziehen (to pull) pp=+haben or sein*
  • betrügen (to betray, decieve) pp=+haben
  • lügen (to lie) pp=+haben

  * HABEN if it means 'to pull' , SEIN if it means 'to go, move'
• [as an example]

  bieten:

  • infinitive = BIETEN
  • 3rd pers. present =BIETET
  • 3rd pers. simple past = BOT
  • past participle = GEBOTEN
• the rule here is:

  • the 'ie' or 'ü' (from the 3rd pers. present) changes to an 'o' in the 3rd person simple past
  • the 'o' STAYS THE SAME in the past participle