Plant Reproduction

• What are the three distinct parts of sexual reproduction in plants?

  Producing gametes, pollination, and fertilization
• What happens after fertilization in plants?

  Seed dispersal occurs
• What is a flower that has both male and female parts called?

  Perfect flower
• What are the male parts of a flower called?

  Stamen
• What structures make up the stamen?

  Anther and filament
• What does the anther produce?

  Male gametes
• What is the site of meiosis in male gamete production?

  Anther
• How many haploid cells does meiosis produce in the anther?

  Four haploid cells
• What happens to the haploid cells produced in the anther?

  They become pollen grains
• How many nuclei does each pollen grain contain after mitosis?

  Three haploid nuclei
• What is the female structure of a flower called?

  Carpel
• What are the parts of the carpel?

  Stigma, style, and ovary
• What is produced inside the ovary?

  Ovule
• What is the site of meiosis in female gamete production?

  Ovule
• How many haploid gametes are produced in the ovule?

  Four haploid gametes
• What happens to the haploid gametes produced in the ovule?

  Unequal division occurs, one develops
• What is the role of the pollen tube?

  To transport male gametes to ovule
• What is the difference between pollination and fertilization?

  Pollination is pollen transfer; fertilization is fusion
• What does the pollen grain contain?

  Two male gametes and a helper cell
• What does the zygote develop into?

  Embryo
• What is the purpose of petals in a flower?

  To attract pollinators
• What is self-pollination?

  Pollen from the same plant lands on stigma
• What is self-incompatibility in plants?

  Pollen fails to fertilize same plant's ovules
• What is the role of the sepal?

  To protect the developing flower
• What is cross-pollination?

  Transfer of pollen between different plants
• Why is cross-pollination beneficial?

  It increases genetic variation
• What is the purpose of seed dispersal?

  To reduce competition with parent plants
• What are some mechanisms for seed dispersal?

  Fleshy fruits, hooks, and wing-like attachments
• What is the relationship between pollination, fertilization, and seed dispersal?

  They are separate processes