Analysis of Inheritance Patterns

• What type of genes are specifically discussed in the video?

  Sex-linked genes
• What is hemophilia classified as?

  Sex-linked recessive disorder
• On which chromosome is the hemophilia gene found?

  X chromosome
• What deficiency results from hemophilia?

  Clotting factor deficiency
• Who can be carriers of hemophilia?

  Females can be carriers
• How can females inherit hemophilia?

  By being homozygous recessive
• What genotypes can females have regarding hemophilia?

  Two dominant alleles or one recessive allele
• Why can't males be carriers of hemophilia?

  They have only one allele for that gene
• What is the genotype of a male with normal clotting factors?

  X with dominant allele and Y
• What is the genotype of a female carrier of hemophilia?

  X with dominant allele and X with recessive allele
• What is the expected phenotypic ratio from the Punnett square of a male with normal vision and a female carrier?

  3:1 ratio of normal to hemophilia
• What percentage of male offspring would be expected to have hemophilia?

  50%
• What do pedigree charts help analyze?

  Patterns of inheritance
• What do circles and squares represent in pedigree charts?

  Circles are females, squares are males
• What does a darkened shape in a pedigree chart indicate?

  Individual is affected by a genetic disorder
• What does a horizontal line in a pedigree chart denote?

  Marriage or partnership
• How do you determine the genotypes of individuals in a pedigree chart?

  By identifying homozygous recessive individuals
• What must individuals with an autosomal recessive disease inherit?

  Two copies of the recessive allele
• What happens to recessive alleles in populations with inbreeding?

  They become overrepresented
• What is polygenic inheritance?

  Traits controlled by multiple genes
• What type of variation do polygenic traits exhibit?

  Continuous variation
• How can you represent continuous variation in data?

  Using a box and whisker plot
• What does the median represent in a box and whisker plot?

  Middle value of the data set
• How is the interquartile range calculated?

  Third quartile minus first quartile
• How do you determine outliers in a data set?

  Using the interquartile range method
• What must you do to justify an outlier in your data?

  Use a mathematical determination