Macromolecule Unit

• What is the Ester bond?

  A bond between the oxygen of glycerol and the carbon of the fatty acid
• What is the Hydrocarbon tail?

  String of carbons with hydrogens around it
• Adding double bonds in a hydrocarbon tail means what?

  Removing a hydrogen
• How many bonds can Carbon make?

  4
• An unsaturated fatty acid has what type of bond?

  Double bond
• Where does an unsaturated fatty acid bend?

  Where there is a double bond
• An unsaturated fatty acid does not have the maximum number of Hydrogens
• In an unsaturated fatty acid, there is an increased space between Carbons, making it less dense and more fluid
• Phospholipids are 2 fatty acids plus 1 phosphate
• The head of a phospholipid is hydrophilic and polar
• The tail of a phospholipid is nonpolar and hydrophobic
• Phospholipids are amphipathic (have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts)
• Amphipathic

  Has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic
• Phospholipids make up every single membrane of every single cell of the body
• Cholesterol is a precursor of other steroids. It maintains the correct fluidity of the cell membrane
• Ideal consistency of cell membranes is like oil
• 3 types of hormones: Testosterone, Estrogen, and Progesterone
• 3 types of steroids: Hormones, Medicines, and Cholesterol
• Medicine: (ex: cortisone)
• Waxes: protective coating on leaves to decrease water loss
• What does biuret test for?

  Proteins
• What does Iodine test for?

  Starch
• What does Benedict's test for?

  Reducing sugars
• What does Sudan IV test for?

  Fats
• What is the color of a negative Iodine reaction?

  Brown
• What is the color of a positive Iodine reaction?

  Dark purple
• What is the color of a positive Biuret reaction?

  violet/purple
• What is the color of a negative Biuret reaction?

  Royal blue
• A Benedict's test needs to be?

  Heated
• What is the color of a negative Benedict's reaction?

  aqua blue
• What is the color of a positive Benedict's reaction?

  Green, orange, or red
• What is the indicator of a negative Sudan reaction?

  No red fat globules
• What is the indicator of a negative Sudan reaction?

  Red boundary around fat globules
• What is Dehydration Synthesis also known as?

  Condensation reaction
• What is the structural formula of Hydroxyl?

  OH
• What is the structural formula of Carboxyl?

  COOH
• What is the structural formula of Amino?

  NH2
• What is the structural formula of Carbonyl?

  CO
• What is the structural formula of Phosphate?

  PO4
• What is the structural formula of Sulfhydryl?

  SH