psychological problems (paper 2)

• 12-step recovery programmes 


  A type of self-help group that gives group members 12 principles to follow in order to be able to stop using drugs, alcohol, etc
• addiction 


  Being unable to stop or control substance use, or a frequently repeated behaviour, people with an addiction become entirely focused on the substance or behaviour, withdrawal symptoms will occur without regular use of the substance, or engagement in the behaviour.
• antidepressants 


  A form of medication used to prevent and treat depression 
• attributions 


  The reasons we use to explain situations and the behaviour of ourselves and others
• aversion therapy 


  A treatment to help people stop undesirable behaviours, the person experiences some form of discomfort when carrying out the undesirable behaviour. This results in the behaviour becoming associated with the discomfort and therefore being less likely to be engaged in the future.
• bipolar depression 


  A mood disorder that causes a person’s mood, energy, and activity levels to move between being mania and depression
• cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)


  A type of talking therapy, treatment to help people manage their problems and emotions. Focuses on how thoughts, beliefs and attitudes affect feelings and actions
• holistic 


  The belief that all the parts of something (such as human behaviour) are connected and are only fully able to be understood by looking at the whole
• inhibition 


  A neurotransmitter binding with a receptor on the next neuron and decreasing the likelihood that the next neuron will fire an electrical impulse
• mental health 


  An individual's emotional and psychological wellbeing that enables one to cope and function in everyday life and society
• mental health problems 


  Diagnosable conditions that affect an individual's thoughts, feelings and behaviours, making them less able to cope and function in everyday life and society.
• reuptake 


  a neurotransmitter being reabsorbed after it has been used during synaptic transmission
• sadness 


  a common emotional reaction which involves feeling sorrow in response to an unpleasant experience or memory.
• self-help groups 


  a number of individuals who gather together in order to provide mutual support for one other
• self-management programmes 


  educational programmes in addition to regular treatment and disease-specific education that are aimed at supporting and empowering people so that they can take responsibility for their own wellbeing.
• serotonin 


  a neurotransmitter that is commonly regarded as a brain chemical responsible for mood stability and regulating feelings such as happiness and anxiety.
• substance abuse

  using a substance with the intent to cause certain feelings and in a way that is harmful or dangerous, often the result of consistent use or misuse
• substance misuse 


  using a substance with the intent to treat an illness but in ways, or in quantities, that may be damaging and that is different to the recommended manner of use
• therapies 


  treatments that are used in order to relieve symptoms or heal a condition, disease or disorder
• unipolar depression 


  a mood disorder that results in people feeling continually sad, losing interest and enjoyment in everyday life and having reduced energy and activity levels
• reductionist 


  the belief that something (such as human behaviour) is only fully able to be understood by simplifying it to its most fundamental and basic parts