Types of Data

• What do psychologists depend on to inform their understanding of human behavior?

  A range of data
• What forms can data take in psychological research?

  Verbal descriptions or numerical statistics
• What are the two main types of data discussed?

  Quantitative and qualitative data
• What is quantitative data?

  Data in the form of numbers
• How can quantitative data be described?

  With descriptive statistics like averages
• What is qualitative data?

  Data in the form of words
• How can qualitative data be transformed?

  It can be coded into quantitative data
• What types of studies typically collect quantitative data?

  Experiments and closed question questionnaires
• What types of studies typically collect qualitative data?

  Interviews, observations, and case studies
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of quantitative and qualitative data?

  Strengths of quantitative data:

  • Objectively measured
  • Less chance of bias
  • Easy to summarize

  
  

  Weaknesses of quantitative data:

  • Lacks depth and detail
  • Focuses on measurable features

  
  

  Strengths of qualitative data:

  • Rich in detail
  • More valid reflection of human experience

  
  

  Weaknesses of qualitative data:

  • Subjective interpretation
  • Potential for researcher bias
• What is a key finding from Milgram's study regarding quantitative data?

  Participants delivered shocks up to 450 volts
• How does qualitative data provide context in Milgram's study?

  It shows participants' emotional difficulty
• What is primary data?

  Data collected by the researcher themselves
• What are common methods to collect primary data?

  Experiments, observations, interviews, questionnaires
• What is secondary data?

  Data previously collected and published
• What is a disadvantage of primary data collection?

  It requires significant time and cost
• What is an advantage of secondary data?

  It is often cost-saving and accessible
• Why is primary data considered more valid?

  It is tailored to the research question
• What is a meta-analysis?

  A process that combines results from studies
• What is an advantage of conducting a meta-analysis?

  It provides a larger combined participant sample
• Why are meta-analysis results considered more trustworthy?

  They look at patterns across multiple studies
• What is a disadvantage of meta-analysis?

  Data from different studies may not be comparable
• What is a potential bias in meta-analysis?

  Researchers may cherry-pick studies
• What is the file drawer problem in research?

  Negative results may remain unpublished
• What is the focus of the tutorial videos mentioned?

  Research methods for A and A level
• Who supports the development of the research methods unit?

  Students and teachers on Patreon
• What is the purpose of psychboost.com?

  To provide educational videos and resources