Oakley

• What are Oakley 4 main roles of gender role socialisation

  1.Manipulation

  2.Canalisation

  3.Verbal Appellations

  4.Different activities
• How is Manipulation a process of gender role socialisation

  .parents encourage behaviour that is normal for the gender and discourage what they may seem inappropriate gender behaviour
• How is Canalisation a process of Gender role socialisation

  .boys and girls channeled into appropriate activities

  .eg boys given male toys like cars to encourage physical activity whereas girls are given dolls to encourage caring and maternal roles
• How is Verbal Appellations a process of gender role socialisation

  .Girls will be called ‘angel‘ and boys called things like ‘little monster’
• How does Different Activities act as a process of gender role socialisation

  .Girls taken to dance classes which are stricter and boys sent to more freeing sports like football or rugby
• How has Oakley work been criticised and developed

  .Statham in 1986 said that even if parents avoid purposeful gender socialisation ,cultural and social expectations were so powerful that children still behave in gendered ways because of the powerful influence of secondary socialisation (eg schools)