hypothesis testing

• Define population.

  Everything under consideration - e.g. students in a school
• Define sample.

  Smaller representative number about which a sample can be collected.
• Define parameter.

  A certain characteristic that can be used to describe a population - e.g probability (if a fair coin is tossed, the probability of heads is 0.5)
• What is Null Hypothesis?

  What you're predicting.
• What is Alternative Hypothesis?

  A claim that needs to be tested.
• Define hypothesis.

  An assumption about a certain value of a population may be true or false, so hypothesis testing is a statistical procedure that decides whether or not a hypothesis should be accepted.