male reproductive system

• The testes are located outside the body to maintain an optimal temperature for sperm production.
• Each testis contains approximately 250 million sperm-producing cells at any given time.
• The seminal vesicles are a pair of glands located behind the bladder that secrete a fluid rich in fructose, which provides energy for sperm.
• Spermatogenesis is the process by which sperm cells develop from stem cells called spermatogonia, taking about 74 days.
• During puberty, there is a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) levels that stimulates the Leydig cells to produce more testosterone.
• The prostate is a walnut-sized gland located below the urinary bladder that secretes alkaline fluid into the urethra during ejaculation.
• Spermatogenesis is the process by which spermatozoa develop from germinal epithelial cells, also known as spermatogonia.
• Testosterone levels peak during adolescence and gradually decrease with age.
• Testosterone promotes the development of secondary sex characteristics such as facial hair growth, deepening of voice, muscle mass increase, and bone density increase.
• Testosterone levels increase during adolescence, leading to the enlargement of the penis and scrotum.
• The bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands are two small glands located near the base of the penis that produce mucus to lubricate the urethra during sexual stimulation.
• Inhibin is produced by Sertoli cells and inhibits FSH secretion when it reaches a certain level.
• Semen is composed of spermatozoa, secretions from accessory sex organs, and fluids produced by the male urethra.
• The bulbourethral glands are two small glands located near the base of the penis that secrete mucus to lubricate the urethra during sexual activity.
• Ejaculation involves contractions of smooth muscles surrounding the vas deferens, seminal vesicle ducts, and urethra, propelling semen out of the penis.
• Testicular cancer can occur when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably within one or both testes.
• Prostatitis refers to inflammation of the prostate gland, often caused by bacterial infection.
• Epididymitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the epididymis, usually due to sexually transmitted diseases such as chlamydia or gonorrhea.
• Ejaculatory Duct - A tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra
• The prostate gland is a walnut-sized organ located below the bladder and surrounds part of the urethra. It produces fluid that makes up about one third of semen.
• The epididymis stores and transports mature sperm into the vas deferens.
• The testes are responsible for producing sperm and secreting testosterone.
• Ejaculation involves the contraction of muscles surrounding the seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and bulbourethral glands, forcing the semen out of the penis.
• Semen is composed of spermatozoa, seminal vesicle fluid, prostate gland fluid, and Cowper's gland fluid.
• The vas deferens carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts.
• Varicocele refers to dilated veins within the scrotal sac, which may cause pain and reduced fertility.
• Oligospermia refers to low sperm count or concentration, while asthenozoospermia indicates poor sperm motility.
• Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) occurs when the prostate enlarges as men age, causing urinary problems such as difficulty starting or stopping urination, frequent urination at night, and dribbling.
• Peyronie's disease causes scar tissue to form inside the penis, leading to curvature and pain during erection.
• Congenital anomalies of the male genitourinary tract include conditions such as hypospadias, where the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis instead of at the tip.
• Orchitis is an inflammatory condition affecting one or both testicles, typically resulting from viral infections such as mumps.
• Varicocele is a swollen vein in the scrotum, which may cause infertility if left untreated.
• Bulbourethral Glands - Two small glands located at the base of the penis that produce mucous secretions to lubricate the urethra during ejaculation