metabolism 1 - glycolysis

• What is glycolysis?

  Breakdown of glucose to pyruvate
• What are the learning outcomes of the glycolysis lecture?

  Describe glycolysis, reactions, structures, and enzymes
• What type of process is glycolysis?

  Catabolic process
• What is anabolism?

  Synthesis of larger biological molecules
• What is catabolism?

  Breaking down of biological molecules
• How are anabolism and catabolism linked?

  By energy storage compounds like ATP
• What is the net production of ATP in glycolysis?

  2 ATP molecules
• Where does glycolysis occur?

  In the cytoplasm
• How many steps are involved in glycolysis?

  10 steps
• What is the first step of glycolysis?

  Glucose to Glucose-6-Phosphate
• What enzyme catalyzes the first step of glycolysis?

  Hexokinase
• What type of reaction is the first step of glycolysis?

  Irreversible reaction
• What is consumed in the first step of glycolysis?

  One ATP molecule
• What happens in step 2 of glycolysis?

  Glucose-6-P is converted to Fructose-6-P
• What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of Glucose-6-P to Fructose-6-P?

  Phosphoglucose isomerase
• What occurs in step 3 of glycolysis?

  Fructose-6-P is converted to Fructose-1,6-bisP
• What enzyme catalyzes step 3 of glycolysis?

  Phosphofructokinase
• What is consumed in step 3 of glycolysis?

  One ATP molecule
• What are the products of step 4 of glycolysis?

  Dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
• What enzyme catalyzes step 4 of glycolysis?

  Aldolase
• What happens in step 5 of glycolysis?

  DHA-P is converted to glyceraldehyde 3-P
• What enzyme catalyzes step 5 of glycolysis?

  Triose phosphate isomerase
• What occurs in step 6 of glycolysis?

  GA3-P is converted to 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
• What enzyme catalyzes step 6 of glycolysis?

  Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
• What is added to the molecule in step 6 of glycolysis?

  One inorganic phosphate
• What is produced in step 6 of glycolysis?

  NADH and H+
• What is the first energy pay-back step in glycolysis?

  Conversion of 1,3-BPG to 3-phosphoglycerate
• What enzyme catalyzes step 7 of glycolysis?

  Phosphoglycerate kinase
• What happens in step 8 of glycolysis?

  3-PG is converted to 2-phosphoglycerate
• What enzyme catalyzes step 8 of glycolysis?

  Phosphoglycerate mutase
• What occurs in step 9 of glycolysis?

  2-PG is converted to phosphoenolpyruvate
• What enzyme catalyzes step 9 of glycolysis?

  Enolase
• What type of reaction occurs in step 9 of glycolysis?

  A dehydration reaction
• What happens in step 10 of glycolysis?

  PEP is converted to pyruvate
• What enzyme catalyzes step 10 of glycolysis?

  Pyruvate kinase
• What is produced in step 10 of glycolysis?

  One ATP molecule
• How many ATP molecules are produced in step 10 of glycolysis?

  Two ATP molecules
• What are the regulatory enzymes in glycolysis?

  Hexokinase, Phosphofructokinase, Pyruvate kinase
• How are the regulatory enzymes in glycolysis regulated?

  Allosteric regulation and post-translational modification
• What is the role of NAD+ in glycolysis?

  Used as a coenzyme