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Biology Honors
Cellular Respiration
Fermentation
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Fermentation allows the
body
to make small amounts of
ATP
in the
absence
of
oxygen.
Fermentation
is anaerobic respiration.
Two types of fermentation are
lactic
acid
fermentation
and
alcoholic
fermentation.
The goal of
fermentation
is not to make
ATP
, but to return
NAD+
to
glycolysis.
With oxygen,
glycolysis
produces ATP.
Without oxygen,
NADH
cannot donate its electrons, so we run out of
NAD+
to accept electrons, therefore
glycolysis
stops.
Lactic Acid Fermentation uses a chemical reaction that converts
pyruvic
acid
to
lactic
acid.
Pyruvic Acid + NADH ->
Lactic Acid
+
NAD+
Organisms uses one type of
fermentation
,
not
both.
Bacteria
and
humans
use lactic acid fermentation.
The body uses
ATP
in muscles for quick bursts of energy and
ATP
made by
lactic
acid
fermentation.
A buildup of
lactic
acid
causes
burning
in muscles and can be removed by
oxygen.
Cellular
respiration
is the only way to generate a supply of ATP.
Alcoholic Fermentation is used by
yeasts
and other
microorganisms
which produces
ethyl
alcohol
and
carbon
dioxide.
Pyruvic Acid + NADH -> Alcohol +
CO2
+
NAD+
Both types of
fermentation
are used in food production.
Alcohol
evaporates
which is why you cannot taste it in bread.