The ability to realise that quantity remains the same even when the appearance of an object or group of objects changes
For example, the volume of liquids stays the same when poured between vessels of different shapes
Piaget's Tasks - Conservation of Volume
Pouring equal amounts of water into different shapes of vessels and asking the child which one has more (a taller vessel may appear to have more water)
Piaget's Tasks - Conservation of Quantity
Equal number of counters were placed in two lines, with one line having more space between them, then asking the child which has more (the one with more space between each counter may appear to have more as it takes up more space)