Define cell differentiation and importance in development

• What does the common lymphoid progenitor develop into?

  • Lymphocytes
  • T cells
  • B cells
• Why is cell differentiation important for body structures?

  It allows cells to perform specialized tasks
• What is the role of stem cells in differentiation?

  They follow specific lineages through stages
• What is cell differentiation?

  It is when stem cells become specific cell types.
• What are the different types of cells that branch off from the common lymphoid progenitor?

  • Natural killer cell (Large granular lymphocyte)
  • T lymphocyte
  • B lymphocyte
  • Plasma cell
• What are the two main progenitor cells that branch off from the multipotential hematopoietic stem cell?

  Common myeloid progenitor and common lymphoid progenitor
• What do stem cells do during differentiation?

  They change into specific types of cells.
• How do progenitor cells contribute to cell differentiation?

  They differentiate into specific mature cell types
• How do stem cells specialize into different cell types?

  Through division along different lineages
• What are some unique roles of differentiated blood cells?

  Oxygen transport and immunity
• How can you think of cell differentiation?

  As a stem cell choosing a job and specializing.
• What are the two main progenitor cells that branch off from the multipotential hematopoietic stem cell?

  Common myeloid progenitor and common lymphoid progenitor
• What is the starting cell type in the differentiation process?

  Hemocytoblast
• What is the overall process of cell differentiation from stem cells?

  1. Stem cells develop into hemocytoblasts
  2. Hemocytoblasts differentiate into progenitor types
  3. Progenitor types further differentiate into mature cells
• What are the different types of cells that branch off from the common lymphoid progenitor?

  • Natural killer cell (Large granular lymphocyte)
  • T lymphocyte
  • B lymphocyte
  • Plasma cell
• What are the main types of stem cells?

  1. Embryonic stem cells
  2. Tissue-specific stem cells (like hemocytoblasts)
  3. Adult stem cells (in bone marrow, skin)
• What are the outcomes of cell differentiation in multicellular organisms?

  • Formation of specialized cells
  • Organization into tissues
  • Development of complex organs
• What are the different types of cells that branch off from the common lymphoid progenitor?

  • Natural killer cell (Large granular lymphocyte)
  • T lymphocyte
  • B lymphocyte
  • Plasma cell
• What is the name of the multipotential hematopoietic stem cell shown in the image?

  Hemocytoblast
• What are the different types of cells that branch off from the common lymphoid progenitor?

  • Natural killer cell (Large granular lymphocyte)
  • T lymphocyte
  • B lymphocyte
  • Plasma cell
• What does the differentiation of blood cells from a single stem cell illustrate?

  It shows specialization for unique roles
• What do different tissues and organs show?

  Specialized cell types
• What is the function of osteocytes in bone?

  Support and protection
• What are the two main progenitor types that hemocytoblast differentiates into?

  Common myeloid progenitor and common lymphoid progenitor
• What are stem cells often compared to?

  Blank slates
• What is the function of erythrocytes and neutrophils in blood?

  Oxygen transport and immune defense
• What are the different types of cells that branch off from the common myeloid progenitor?

  • Erythrocyte
  • Mast cell
  • Myeloblast
  • Megakaryocyte
  • Thrombocytes (platelets)
  • Basophil
  • Neutrophil
  • Eosinophil
  • Monocyte
• What are progenitor cells?

  Cells that stem cells differentiate into
• What are the two main progenitor cells that branch off from the multipotential hematopoietic stem cell?

  Common myeloid progenitor and common lymphoid progenitor
• What is the role of cell differentiation in development?

  It creates specialized cells for specific functions
• What are the specialized cells and their functions in blood, bone, muscle, and skin?

  • Blood: Erythrocytes (Oxygen transport), Neutrophils (Immune defense)
  • Bone: Osteocytes (Support and protection)
  • Muscle: Muscle fibers (Movement)
  • Skin: Keratinocytes (Protection)
• Why are stem cells valuable in regenerative medicine?

  They can repair damaged tissues and treat diseases
• What role does a red blood cell have after differentiation?

  It carries oxygen throughout the body.
• What are the different types of cells that branch off from the common myeloid progenitor?

  • Erythrocyte
  • Mast cell
  • Myeloblast
  • Megakaryocyte
  • Thrombocytes (platelets)
  • Basophil
  • Neutrophil
  • Eosinophil
  • Monocyte
• What are the two main progenitor cells that branch off from the multipotential hematopoietic stem cell?

  Common myeloid progenitor and common lymphoid progenitor
• What are the different types of cells that branch off from the common myeloid progenitor?

  • Erythrocyte
  • Mast cell
  • Myeloblast
  • Megakaryocyte
  • Thrombocytes (platelets)
  • Basophil
  • Neutrophil
  • Eosinophil
  • Monocyte
• How do erythrocytes differentiate to become red blood cells?

  They lose their nucleus and fill with hemoglobin
• What is the function of keratinocytes in skin?

  Protection
• What is the name of the multipotential hematopoietic stem cell shown in the image?

  Hemocytoblast
• What is the function of muscle fibers?

  Movement