deptal 2nd quart

• Modern Dance – was developed in the early 1900’s the time when dancers came out against the stiffness and restraints of classical ballet. It involves the use of many dance steps that are unusual and often interpret a dancer’s emotions and mood.
• Contemporary Dance – may include techniques that are found in ballet and modern dance such as floor, fall and recovery, improvisation, even incorporating yoga, Pilates and martial arts together with techniques introduced by such famous dancers as Graham, Hawkins, Horton and Cunningham.
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  ·         Isadora Duncan – was the mother of Modern Dance
• ·         Merce Cunningham – is the Father of Contemporary Dance
• ·         Martha Graham – was the mother of Contemporary Dance
• Ballroom Dance It is a variety of social dances performed by couples in which there is a conventional pattern of steps.
• Dance sport is a combination of art and sport. It was called competitive ballroom dancing in the past. This goes with partners (male/lady) competing against other partners dancing on the floor at one time.
• Cha-Cha-Cha – it is newcomer in Latin American dances with origin only in the 50’s but became popular shortly after mambo was introduced.
• ● Rumba – Originates primarily in Cuba in the 16th Century which has its roots in African rhythms brought to America by the slaves. (Slow, Sexy and Seductive Dance)
• ●        Samba – is the national dance of Brazil, which originated in Africa. It is danced during carnival time. It is characterized by simple forward and backward steps and tilting, rocking body movements. (Faster than rumba, Sexy and Seductive Dance).
• Salsa – it is a popular form of social dance that originated in Ney York with strong influences from Latin America, particularly Cuba and Puerto Rico.
• ●        Waltz – was introduced in England in 1874 but it was in 1922 that it became as popular as Tango. (Pattern: Clockwise and counterclockwise rotation, Square Formation).
• Tango – it was first danced in Europe before world war I. It originated from Buenos Aires (Argentina)
• ●        Foxtrot - it is a smooth progressive dance characterized by long, continuous flowing movements across the dance floor.
• ●        Quickstep – The movement of the dance is fast and powerfully flowing and sprinkled with syncopations.
• ●        Viennese Waltz – it is a controversial dance with so many claims about its origin but known to be born in the modest outskirts of Austria and Bavaria.
• -       street dance styles primarily performed to hip-hop music or that have evolved as part of hip-hop culture. It includes a wide range of styles primarily breaking which was created in the 1970’s and made popular by dance crews in the United States.
• -       Hip-hop dance refers to street dance styles primarily performed to hip-hop music or that have evolved as part of hip-hop culture.
• Cha – cha – cha – a ballroom dance with small steps and swaying hip movements. Performed to a Latin American rhythm
• Rumba – known for dancers’ subtle side to side hip movements with the torso erect
• Samba – characterized by simple forward backward steps and tilting, rocking body movements
• Salsa – the lead leads a follow through a series of spins and turn pattern to music
• Jive – a very happy, boppy and energetic dance with a plenty of knee lifting, bending rocking of hips and incorporates a lot of kicks and flicks
• Breaking is one of the earliest and most iconic hip-hop dance styles. It involves dynamic moves, spins, flips, and freezes performed on the floor. B-boys (male dancers) and B-girls (female dancers) showcase their skills in "battles" or competitions
• Popping - a style that features sudden, jerky movements where limbs appear to freeze momentarily before popping back into motion.
• Locking originated in Los Angeles and is characterized by exaggerated, sudden movements and pauses. Dancers use distinctive arm and hand gestures along with strong, funky motions.
• Krumping is an energetic and expressive dance style that emerged in Los Angeles. It is known for its aggressive and intense movements, often involving chest pops, stomps, and freestyle elements.
• House Dance is a street dance form that developed from disco dancing in Chicago during the late 1970s. House dance emphasizes fluidity, improvisation, and musical expression.
• Hip-Hop Freestyle is a fundamental aspect of hip-hop dance culture. It involves improvisation and spontaneous movement to the music. Dancers showcase their creativity, individual style, and ability to interpret the beat.
• Jerkin' is a more contemporary hip-hop dance style that emerged in Los Angeles in the late 2000s. Upbeat footwork, energetic movements, and a carefree attitude characterize it
• Tutting involves creating intricate and geometric shapes with the body, particularly the arms and hands. Dancers mimic the movements of Egyptian hieroglyphics, creating visually striking patterns. 
• Memphis Jookin' originated in Memphis, Tennessee, and combines elements of hip-hop, ballet, and jazz. It involves smooth footwork, gliding movements, and intricate foot patterns, often performed to the beats of rap or hip-hop music.
• Cheerdance is a form of dance that combines elements of cheerleading, dance, and gymnastics.
• Pyramids involve creating a structured formation with multiple cheerleaders, often in a tiered or pyramid-like shape. This can include one or more bases lifting flyers into the air to create visually appealing formations. 
• Partner Stunts: These involve one or more bases lifting and holding a flyer in the air. include various positions and transitions, such as shoulder sits, extensions, and liberty stunts. 
• basket toss, the flyer is tossed into the air by a group of bases. The flyer typically performs a skill, such as a twist or flip, before being caught by the bases.  Group Tumbling: Cheerleaders may perform synchronized tumbling passes as a group, incorporating flips, cartwheels, and other acrobatic elements.
• Toe Touch: A jump where both legs are extended to the sides, forming a "T" shape.
• Pike Jump: A jump with straight legs and a bent waist, resembling a folded position.
• Herkie: A jump where one leg is extended to the side while the other is bent at the knee.
• Lawrence Herkimer – Father of Modern Cheer and inventor of the well-known cheerleading jump “Herkie”