English

• Effect-gives persuasive authority to speaker, creates logical foundation.
• Opinions-offering a point of view.
• Effects-humanizes speaker, emotional appeal, can give credibility, can be manipulative.
• Counterargument-seeing the other side / opinion.
• Effects- anticipates criticism, convinces through rebuttal, demonstrates critical thinking, enhances credibility.
• Ethos (Credibility)- a means of convincing an audience using the authority or credibility of the persuader, whether it’s a notable or experienced figure in the field or a popular celebrity,
• Logos (Reason)- way of persuading an audience with reason, using facts, figures and rationale.
• Pathos (Emotion)- way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating an emotional response to an impassioned plea or a convincing story.
• Rhetorical questions- posing a question that doesn’t require an answer (What was all this for?)
• Direct address- using ‘you’ to create a synthetic relationship
• Personal pronouns- I Me
• Inclusive pronouns- We Our Us
• Modal verbs- Will Shall May Would Could Should Can Might Must Ought
• Rule of Three- things listed in 3s (Reduce, reuse, recycle)
• Comparatives- words with ...er suffixes: faster, stronger, hungrier
• Superlatives- words with ...est / st suffixes: best, fastest, meanest (The cost of living is at the highest rate in 30 years)
• Imperative sentences- commands: you must see this film.
• Simile Metaphor- Comparing two things using “like” or “as” (Her hair was like spun gold)
• Repetition- Anaphora- beginning of sentence/phrase
• Repetition- Epistrophe- at end of sentence/phrase
• Syndetic Listing- A list which includes conjunctions
• Asyndetic Listing- (We were warm and dry and safe)
• Meiosis- understatement/underexaggeration (“I got a bit wet” when speaker is absolutely soaked)
• Hyperbole- overstatement/exaggeration (We’ve heard it a million times)
• Juxtaposition- poetic and rhetorical device in which normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to one another
• Hypophora- A figure of speech in which the speaker both asks a question and immediately answers it
• Connotation- The associated and emotional overtones that have become attached to a word or phrase, in addition to its strict dictionary definition; this is the opposite of denotation
• Tone- The attitude a writer takes toward the subject of a work, the characters in it, or the audience, revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization