Tectonics

• Sendai Japan (tsunami) facts:

  • 9.0 Magnitude earthquake
  • 80 miles from epicentre
  • Occurred in 2011
• Sendia Japan (Tsunami) social:

  Social primary impacts -

  • 1 dam collapsed
  • Oil refinery set on fire 


  Social secondary impacts -

  • 15,900 people died
  • 26,000 people missing
  • 6150 injured
  • 350000 made homeless
• Sendai Japan (Tsunami) Economic impacts:

  economic primary impacts -

  • $235 Bn worth of damage
  • 2 nuclear Power stations fractured
  • 1 dam collapsed 


  Economic secondary impacts -

  • Business disrupted by business
  • buildings had to be rebuilt
• Sendai Japan (Tsunami) Environmental impacts:

  Environmental primary impact -

  • 'took' motorway badly damaged reducing the amount of people being able to be rescued and re-placed
  • Nuclear power plant leaked 


  Environmental secondary impacts -

  • nuclear reactors went meltdown due to flooding
• Haiti (earthquake) facts:

  • Magnitude 7.0
  • 16 miles away from epicentre
• Haiti (earthquake) economic impacts:

  economic primary impacts -

  • cost to repair was $7 to $13 Bn for infrastructure and road repairs
  • estimated 250,000 residences and 30,000 commercial buildings damaged/destroyed
  • Mass loss of jobs and decrease in productivity

  Economic secondary impacts -

  • 60% of nation administrative and economic infrastructure
• Haiti (earthquake) social impacts:

  social primary impacts -

  • Transport and communication links badly damaged
  • 1,000,000 became homeless 


  Social secondary impacts -

  • large number of bodies resulted in an outbreak of cholera
  • 230,000 people died
  • 300,000 injured
• Haiti (earthquake) Environmental impacts:

  environmental primary impacts -

  • Water was polluted, causing cholera
  • Fish and animals killed from the pollutants 


  environmental secondary impacts -

  • liquefaction and landslides
• China (Earthquake) facts:

  • magnitude 7.9
  • tremors lasted 120 seconds
• China (earthquake):

  Economic primary impacts

  • In beichuan county, 80% buildings collapsed
  • Overall damages cost around $86Bn
  • school collapsed killing hundreds of children 


  Economic secondary impacts

  • Impacted the tourism (long-term) and agricultural industry
  • Chinese government pledged a $10 million rebuilding fund
• China (Earthquake):

  social primary impacts

  • 3.3mn tents were needed
  • 5mn made homeless
  • People trapped underneath areas


  Social secondary impacts

  • communication was bought to a halt
  • In Shifang, chemical plants collapsed killing hundreds and releasing toxic ammonia
• China (earthquake):

  Environmental primary impacts

  • 43,773 ha of forest were destroyed
  • 20,000 ha of farmland were eradicated


  Environmental secondary impacts

  • several toxic chemical spills
  • blocked rivers due to massive landslides, causing "quake lakes".
  • damage to the structural integrity of several dozen dams
• E15 (Volcano) facts:

  • VEI was 4
  • Occured in 2010
• E15 (Volcano):

  Economic primacy impacts

  • cost $4.7Bn
  • price of shares in major airlines dropped between 2.5-3.3%
  • no-fly zone meant airlines were losing around £130m per day


  Economic secondary impacts

  • Homes and roads were damaged and services disrupted
  • industries were affected by a lack of imported raw materials. 
  • 5000 kenyan workers were laid-off due to no flying
• E15 (volcano):

  Social primary impacts

  • 10Mn passengers around the world were left stranded
  • Rivers and land left 'polluted' from the ash 


  social secondary impacts

  • long-term health issues
  • Local water supplies were contaminated with fluoride
• E15 (volcano):

  environmental primary impacts

  • glaciers melted, causing glacier flooding
  • Pyroclastic flow melted the snow, causing flooding 


  Environmental secondary impacts

  • released approximately 150,000 tonnes of CO2 each day
  • massive ash clouds
• New Zealand (earthquake) - 6.3

  Economic impacts:

  • Damage cost around $20Mn
  • cost 10% GDP

  Social impacts:

  • 2,000 people injured
  • Damaged sewage pipes contaminated water supplies which increased risk of disease

  Environmental Impacts:

  • loss of wildlife
  • Air and water quality were also impacted
• Nepal (Earthquake) - 7.8 Magnitude

  Economic impacts:

  • nearly half of its gross domestic product (GDP) of $19.2 billion
  • 600,000 structures in Kathmandu were damaged or destroyed

  Social impacts:

  • loss of approximately 9000 lives
  • 22,000 injured
  • increase in mental health problems

  Environmental impacts:

  • Loss of forest and farm land due to landslides and avalanches
  • changes to water sources; increased sediment in rivers