Hydro

• How many bonds does carbon form?

  4 bonds
• What is the simplest alkane?

  Methane
• What is the formula for alkanes?

  $C_nH_{2n+2}$
• What type of hydrocarbons are alkanes?

  They are saturated hydrocarbons
• What is a characteristic of long-chain hydrocarbons?

  They have high boiling points
• What happens to short-chain hydrocarbons?

  They evaporate easily
• What is produced during complete combustion of hydrocarbons?

  CO2 and H2O
• What type of reaction is the combustion of hydrocarbons?

  Exothermic reaction
• What is crude oil primarily composed of?

  Mixture of compounds
• How is crude oil formed?

  From compressed dead plankton
• What is the purpose of a fractionating column?

  To separate different hydrocarbons
• What products can be obtained from a fractionating column?

  Petrol, kerosene, diesel, bitumen
• What is cracking in the context of hydrocarbons?

  Thermal decomposition of larger molecules
• What is catalytic cracking?

  Vaporizing hydrocarbons with hot aluminum oxide
• What is steam cracking?

  Vapor + steam heated at high temperature
• What type of hydrocarbons are alkenes?

  Unsaturated hydrocarbons
• What is a key feature of alkenes?

  They have double bonds
• How do alkenes react with bromine?

  They turn bromine from orange to colorless
• What happens during the conversion of long-chain alkanes?

  They produce shorter alkanes and alkenes
• Long chain hydrocarbons

  High bp

  Viscous (thick)
• Short chain hydrocarbons

  Volatile (evaporate quickly)

  Flammable