gender

• What are the two terms discussed in relation to gender?

  Sex and gender
• How do psychologists define biological sex?

  As genetic and anatomical differences
• What chromosomes are associated with females and males?

  Females: XX, Males: XY
• When is biological sex assigned to someone?

  At the moment of conception
• What does the term gender refer to in psychology?

  Behavioral differences between sexes
• What is a "sex role stereotype"?

  Expected behaviors for males and females
• How do sex role stereotypes vary?

  They vary significantly between cultures
• What psychological processes influence the development of sex role stereotypes?

  They depend on psychological perspectives
• How is someone classified as feminine or masculine?

  Based on expressed personality traits
• What does it mean to be androgynous?

  Having balanced masculine and feminine traits
• Who developed the Bem Sex Role Inventory?

  Sandra Bem
• What does the BSRI measure?

  Masculine and feminine personality traits
• What did Bem find regarding sex-typed personality types?

  Most males were masculine, most females feminine
• What percentage of males and females were classified as androgynous in Bem's study?

  34% of males, 27% of females
• What was a limitation of Bem's original study?

  No category for undifferentiated individuals
• What did Adams and Sherer find regarding gender adjustment?

  Masculine individuals were better adjusted
• How might societal context affect the findings of Adams and Sherer's study?

  A male-dominated society favors assertiveness
• What does test-retest reliability indicate about the BSRI?

  It accurately measures gender over time
• What is a limitation regarding the temporal validity of Bem's traits?

  Some traits may be outdated in society
• What positive impact did Bem's work have on society?

  Promoted understanding of gender identity
• What is a criticism of the BSRI regarding individual gender experiences?

  It oversimplifies complex gender experiences
• What was the sampling bias in Bem's work?

  It used only Western students
• What did Smith and Lloyd's study investigate?

  Play behavior of mothers with infants
• What did Smith and Lloyd find regarding toy choice?

  Boys received masculine toys, girls feminine
• How did mothers' play styles reflect sex role stereotypes?

  Encouraged gender-appropriate play behaviors
• What did Mead's research reveal about gender roles?

  They vary significantly across cultures
• What does the variation in gender roles suggest?

  Gender roles are learned through socialization
• How has societal change affected sex role stereotypes?

  They may be becoming less relevant
• What is a potential consequence of strong gender stereotypes in hiring?

  Discrimination based on biased expectations
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of Bem's Sex Role Inventory?

  Strengths:

  • Test-retest reliability indicates stability
  • Promotes understanding of gender identity

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Temporal validity issues with traits
  • Oversimplifies individual gender experiences
  • Sampling bias limits generalizability
• What are the implications of Smith and Lloyd's findings on gender stereotypes?

  • Mothers encourage gender-appropriate play
  • Infants are influenced by societal expectations
  • Early reinforcement of sex role stereotypes
• How do Mead's findings contribute to our understanding of gender roles?

  • Gender roles vary across cultures
  • Suggests socialization shapes gender behavior
  • Challenges biological determinism of gender roles
• What are the potential societal impacts of understanding gender development?

  • Reduces discrimination based on gender
  • Promotes acceptance of diverse gender identities
  • Encourages critical examination of gender roles
• What topic is covered in the video?

  Biology's role in sex and gender development
• What hormones are mentioned as influencing masculinity and femininity?

  Testosterone and Oestrogen
• What chromosomal combinations are typically associated with biological sex?

  XX for female and XY for male
• What happens if someone has an extra chromosome?

  They can have XXY configuration
• What is the role of chromosomes in biological sex?

  They determine male or female characteristics
• How many chromosomes do most people have?

  46 chromosomes
• Where are chromosomes found in the cell?

  In the nucleus of the cells