5.2.1 Glycolysis

• Glycolysis = the breakdown of glucose to produce 2 pyruvate (3 carbon)
• Steps of Glycolysis

  1. Phosphorylation of glucose to glucose phosphate
  2. Splitting of phosphorylated glucose
  3. Oxidation of triose phosphate
  4. Production of ATP
• Phosphorylation of glucose

  • Glucose is made more reactive via phosphorylation.
  • The two Pi comes from the hydrolysis of two ATP molecules
  • Provides energy to activate glucose & lowers activation energy for enzyme-controlled reactions

  
• Splitting of phosphorylated glucose

  • Each phosphorylated glucose molecule is split into two triose phosphates (3 carbon)

  
• Oxidation of triose phosphate

  • Hydrogen is removed from each of the triose phosphates
  • Hydrogen is used to reduce NAD
• Production of ATP

  • Enzyme-controlled reactions convert each of the triose phosphate into pyruvate. Two ATP molecules are regenerated.

  
• Oxidation of triose phosphate

  • Hydrogen is removed from each of the triose phosphates
  • Hydrogen is used to reduce NAD

  
• Gross production of ATP is 4
• Net production of ATP is 2
• 2 molecules of NADH produced
• 2 molecules of pyruvate produced