Microbiology

    Cards (26)

    • The cell membrane controls entry and exit of molecules into a cell. It is inside the cell and fully permeable.
    • Cell reactions occur in the cytoplasm
    • Sporangium contains spores
    • The slime capsules function is being a a protective layer. It helps prevent attacks by antibiotics and immune systems
    • The protein coat’s purpose is to be the outer layer that protects the DNA or RNA and is involved with entry into the host cells
    • The flagellum’s function is to allow movement of the cell. It is full permeable to molecules.
    • Spores are used in asexual reproduction of the microorganisms. They are clones, spread by wind water and animals.
    • Fungi can be unicellular (one cell) or multicellular (multiple cells)
    • A fungi has a cytoplasm, a vacuole, a cell membrane, a cell wall, a nucleus and food starch granules.
    • Bacteria are unicellular. They do not have a nucleus but instead have free DNA in their cytoplasm. A single bacteria is known as a bacterium.
    • A bacterium has a slime capsule, polo, a cell wall, cell membrane, DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, cytoplasm, flagellum, plasmid.
    • Pili attatch a bacteria cell to surfaces and other cells.
    • Ribosomes make protein
    • Plasmid is a loop of DNA that can be exchanged by bacteria
    • Aseptic techniques ensure the microorganisms being investigated do not escape or become contained with an unwanted microragnism
    • A microorganism is a living organism that can only be observed under a microscope.
    • A culture is growing bacteria
    • Aseptic Techniques practical:
      1. Sterilise the petrified dish and agar using an autoclave to kill any unwanted bacteria.
      2. Wipe bench with disinfectant
      3. Innoculating loop when transferring cultures
      4. Pass the loop in a flame
      5. Take culture using sterile loop. Transfer it in the agar plate.
      6. Make sure the Petri dish lid opens as little as possible to prevent any unwanted microbes from the air to grow
      7. Close the lid and pass the inoculating loop in the flames again
      8. Securely tape the Petri dish lid back on
      9. Incubate spat an appropriate temperature for microbes to grow.
      10. Wash hands thoroughly
    • Bacteria and fungi can grow on agar gel because agar jelly contains nutrients for them to grow
    • Antiseptics are used on living organisms like human skin but disinfectants are used on non-living organisms like counter tops.
    • What is Pasteurisation?
      Heating.
    • What is binary fission?
      A form of asexual reproduction in which a single organism divides into two equal parts, each of which becomes a new individual.
    • What is the difference between a pathogen and a microorganism?
      Pathogen: Disease-causing microorganism. Microorganism: A living organism that is too small to be seen with the naked eye.
    • How are micro organisms transmitted?
      Contact, droplets, airborne, fecal-oral, vector-borne.
    • How do fungi reproduce?
      Spores
    • How do viruses reproduce?
      By hijacking the host cell's machinery to replicate their genetic material and assemble new virus particles.
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