biology topic 5 homeostasis and response

• What is the first topic in paper 2 content of GCSE biology?

  Homeostasis
• What is homeostasis?

  Maintenance of a constant internal environment
• What are some factors controlled by homeostasis?

  Blood glucose concentration, temperature, body salts
• What is a negative feedback loop?

  A process that counteracts changes in the body
• What happens when blood glucose concentration is too high?

  The body releases insulin to lower it
• How does the body respond when blood glucose concentration is too low?

  Another hormone is released to increase levels
• What is the role of the nervous system?

  To detect stimuli and coordinate responses
• What detects stimuli in the nervous system?

  Receptors in the body
• What do sensory neurons do?

  Transport electrical impulses to the central nervous system
• What is a synapse?

  A junction between two neurons
• What happens at the central nervous system?

  A decision is made to respond to stimuli
• What is the role of motor neurons?

  Carry messages from the CNS to effectors
• What is a reflex action?

  A quick response that bypasses the brain
• What is the endocrine system responsible for?

  Regulating hormones in the body
• What is the master gland of the endocrine system?

  The pituitary gland
• What hormone does the thyroid gland produce?

  Thyroxine
• What does the pancreas produce?

  Insulin
• What does adrenaline prepare the body for?

  Fight or flight response
• What is type 1 diabetes?

  Insufficient insulin production by the pancreas
• What is type 2 diabetes typically associated with?

  Obesity and sedentary lifestyle
• What are the four hormones involved in the menstrual cycle?

  FSH, estrogen, LH, progesterone
• What happens during stage one of the menstrual cycle?

  The lining of the uterus is broken down
• What occurs on day 14 of the menstrual cycle?

  The egg is released
• How does the menstrual cycle relate to hormone levels?

  Hormone levels fluctuate throughout the cycle
• What are the main components of the nervous system's response to stimuli?

  • Stimulus detected by receptors
  • Sensory neurons transmit impulses to CNS
  • CNS processes information and makes decisions
  • Motor neurons carry impulses to effectors
  • Effectors (muscles or glands) execute response
• What are the stages of the menstrual cycle?

  1. Menstrual phase: lining breaks down
  2. Follicular phase: lining rebuilds
  3. Ovulation: egg is released
  4. Luteal phase: lining maintained
• What are the functions of the four hormones in the menstrual cycle?

  • FSH: stimulates follicle development
  • Estrogen: regulates menstrual cycle and ovulation
  • LH: triggers ovulation
  • Progesterone: maintains uterine lining
• What are the differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

  • Type 1: pancreas produces insufficient insulin
  • Type 2: insulin resistance due to lifestyle factors
• What is homeostasis?

  Process of maintaining a stable internal environment
• Why do cells need homeostasis?

  To function properly under optimal conditions
• What conditions must be regulated for cells to function?

  Temperature, acidity, glucose, and water
• How does the body regulate internal conditions?

  By keeping levels around the right bounds
• What is the definition of homeostasis?

  Regulation of conditions to maintain stability
• How does homeostasis respond to external changes?

  It maintains internal environment despite external changes
• What happens when you walk in the snow?

  Your body maintains a temperature of 37 degrees
• What are the three main components of automatic control systems?

  Receptors, coordination centers, and effectors
• What do receptors do in homeostasis?

  Detect changes in conditions
• What role do coordination centers play?

  Interpret changes and decide on actions
• What are effectors in the context of homeostasis?

  Muscles or glands that carry out changes
• How do the nervous and endocrine systems communicate?

  Nervous system uses electrical impulses; endocrine uses hormones