Bingo Words

• idiolect - individuals unique use of language.
• Sociolect - language of a social group
• Matched Guise - one person puts on multiple guises (accents) so all other variables remain unchanged, participants are unaware it is the same person.
• Dialect - an individuals lexical choice.
• Observers paradox - when someone knows they are being observed and may consequently change their behavior.
• Overt prestige - the variety that is considered by the majority to be the most prestigious.
• Covert prestige - variety considered by the minority to be the most prestigious.
• Likert scale - a rating scale offering participants a range of choice, usually with a neutral midpoint.
• Prescriptivist - someone who believes in an incorrect and correct way to use language. someone who believed in adherence to language rules.
• Descriptivist - someone who objectively observes language choice without judgement.
• Accomodation theory: converge - reduce social distance. Diverge - increase social distance.
• Multiethnolect - a term used to describe a language varient that contains influences from different languages.
• Dialect levelling - process of an overall reduction in variety between two dialects.
• Monolingual - speaks one language. Bilingual - speaks two languages fluently.
• Code switching - when someone speaks more than one language and switches between them depending on the context.
• Pidgin - a simplified language that has been created for a need to communicate. Only spoken in specific context, no one is a 'native speaker'
• Creole - develops from a pidgin. When a pidgin becomes more developed and starts to be used by a second generation of native speakers.
• Proletariat, noun - working class people regarded collectivly.
• Hyper Correction - a prononciation mistakenly perceived to be standard useage and substituted in a desire to be correct.
• Elaborated code - providing context/detail in an interaction due to a gap or boundary in understanding which can only be crossed by explicit speech.
• Restricted code - where there is shared contextual knowledge between the speaker and listener and therefore less explicit information need to be given.
• Linguistically homogeneous - a homogenous language is one that has few variations.
• A open social network is when an individual's contacts tend to not know each other. A closed social network is when an individual's contacts tend to know each other.
• Ethnographic - where reaserchers observe and/or interact with a studys participants in their real life environment. It can reduce the observers paradox.
• Community of practice - is a collection of people who engage on an ongoing basis in some common endeavor.
• Slang - words/phrases that are considered informal/not standard english
• Colloquialism - form of slang, local area lexemes.
• Taboo language - lexical choices which can be deemed to be offensive.
• Neologisms - newly formed words/expressions
• Morphology - how words are constructed and formed
• Lexemes - 'word'
• Uptalk - putting an upward inflection on final word of a declarative. Usually indicates a question
• Vocal fry - using a normal pitch than naturally/normally.