Ethics

• What is the responsibility of researchers in psychology regarding participants?

  To look after their participants
• What are participants' rights in psychological research?

  To be informed and give consent
• Who writes the ethical guidelines in America for psychologists?

  The American Psychological Association
• Which organization is responsible for ethical guidelines in the UK?

  The British Psychological Society
• What is the nature of the BPS's ethical guidelines?

  They are advisory and can be bent
• What happens if a psychologist seriously mistreats participants?

  They may be expelled from the BPS
• What is informed consent in psychological research?

  Participants must understand aims and consequences
• Who can give consent if participants are unable to?

  A parent or guardian
• What right do participants have regarding their participation?

  The right to withdraw at any time
• What must researchers do if participants withdraw?

  Destroy any personal data collected
• What must researchers consider regarding protection from harm?

  Participants' psychological well-being and dignity
• How should personal records be handled in research?

  Kept securely and confidentially
• When can confidentiality be broken?

  If a participant or others are in danger
• What is debriefing in psychological research?

  A conversation after the study explaining details
• What should be included in a debriefing?

  Reasons for research and checking for harm
• What ethical issues can psychologists face in research?

  Balancing participants' rights and valid data collection
• What ethical guidelines did Milgram breach?

  Informed consent, right to withdraw, protection from harm
• What is a cost-benefit analysis in research?

  Comparing costs to participants with societal benefits
• What role does an ethics committee play in research?

  They evaluate research based on ethical principles
• What happens at the end of a study regarding ethical issues?

  Debriefing participants about deception and harm
• What are the key ethical guidelines in psychological research?

  • Informed consent
  • Right to withdraw
  • Protection from harm
  • Confidentiality
  • Debriefing
• What are the alternatives to informed consent to avoid demand characteristics?

  • Prior general consent
  • Retroactive consent
  • Presumptive consent
• What should a debriefing form include?

  • Purpose of the study
  • Any deception used
  • Right to withdraw data
  • Support for any harm caused
• What are the potential consequences of breaching ethical guidelines?

  • Expulsion from professional organizations
  • Legal repercussions
  • Damage to reputation
• What is the significance of Milgram's study in psychology?

  • Highlights ethical dilemmas in research
  • Explores obedience to authority
  • Influences understanding of human behavior