Fight or Flight

• What is the fight-or-flight response?

  A physiological reaction to perceived threats
• Why does the fight-or-flight response make sense from an evolutionary perspective?

  It prepares the body to confront or escape danger
• What happens to the body during the fight-or-flight response?

  Heart rate and breathing rate increase
• How does modern stress differ from evolutionary stressors?

  Modern stressors are often non-physical threats
• What positive effects can acute stress have?

  Increased alertness and quick thinking
• What triggers chronic stress responses in modern life?

  Worries about bills, meetings, or exams
• What is the HPA axis?

  The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis
• What role does the adrenal gland play in stress response?

  It releases hormones like cortisol and adrenaline
• What hormones are released during the fight-or-flight response?

  Adrenaline and noradrenaline
• What effects do adrenaline and noradrenaline have on the body?

  Increased blood flow and faster breathing
• How does chronic stress affect the immune system?

  It suppresses immune function and increases illness risk
• What physical problems can chronic stress lead to?

  Heart disease and obesity
• What alternative response do women have to stress according to Taylor (2000)?

  Tend-and-befriend response to enhance social connections
• What are some tips for managing stress in the moment?

  Focus on deep, slow breathing
• Why is social connection important for managing stress?

  It provides support and reduces feelings of isolation
• What are the steps involved in the fight-or-flight response process?

  1. Recognize the threat
  2. Enter stress response
  3. Hypothalamus activates autonomic nervous system
  4. Pituitary gland triggers endocrine system
  5. Adrenal glands release cortisol, adrenaline, and noradrenaline
• What are the long-term effects of chronic stress on health?

  • Increased risk of heart disease
  • Higher likelihood of obesity
  • Greater susceptibility to infections
  • Potential for anxiety and depression
  • Links to accelerated aging
• What are effective strategies for reducing stress?

  • Deep breathing exercises
  • Mindfulness practices
  • Regular physical exercise
  • Listening to relaxing music
  • Maintaining a healthy diet
  • Seeking support from friends or family