Influence of attachments on child and adult relationships

• Who explained early attachment using the internal working model?

  Bowlby
• What does the internal working model suggest about an infant's first attachment figure?

  It provides a template for future relationships
• How might an infant with a loving first relationship behave later in life?

  They are likely to show secure attachment behaviours
• What might result from an infant having a negative relationship with their primary attachment figure?

  They may find it difficult to form healthy relationships
• What type of attachments might an infant with a negative relationship display?

  Insecure-avoidant or insecure-resistant attachments
• What was the purpose of Hazan & Shaver's study in 1987?

  To investigate the internal working model
• What components were included in Hazan & Shaver's 'Love Quiz'?

  • Attachment styles from childhood
  • Adult attachment types
  • Attitudes towards love
• What type of questions were included in the 'Love Quiz'?

  Questions about love and attachment experiences
• How many responses were collected in Hazan & Shaver's study?

  620 responses
• What percentage of participants were securely attached in the study findings?

  56%
• What correlation was found between attachment style and romantic relationship experiences?

  There was a positive correlation
• How did securely attached individuals fare in their romantic relationships according to the findings?

  They had happy, trusting, long-lasting relationships
• What was the outcome for resistant and avoidant attached individuals in relationships?

  They had much shorter relationships
• What effect does early childhood attachment have on later relationships?

  It can affect the relationships a child forms
• How do securely attached infants typically behave in childhood friendships?

  They tend to form healthy and functional friendships
• What social skills do securely attached infants develop compared to others?

  They become more popular and empathetic children
• What link has research established between bullying and attachment?

  Securely attached children are unlikely to be involved in bullying
• Which type of attached infants are more likely to be victims of bullying?

  Insecure-avoidant attached infants
• Which type of attached infants are more likely to be bullies?

  Insecure-resistant attached infants
• How can adult relationships and mental health be affected by childhood attachment?

  Attachment in childhood can influence adult relationships
• What findings suggest a link between securely attached infants and adult relationships?

  • Securely attached infants form secure attachments
  • They have healthy, long-lasting romantic relationships
• What did research find about adult women who were securely attached as infants?

  They had secure and long-lasting friendships
• What difficulties did insecure-resistant infants face in adulthood?

  They found it difficult to maintain friendships
• What issues did insecure-avoidant infants experience in romantic relationships?

  They had issues with intimacy
• What did Harlow's experiments on rhesus monkeys demonstrate?

  Link between poor attachment and poor parenting
• What did researchers find about institutionalized mothers compared to non-institutionalized women?

  Institutionalized mothers had poorer social functioning
• How can mental health be affected by a person's internal working model?

  A lack of attachment can lead to attachment disorder
• What characterizes attachment disorder?

  • Lack of a preferred attachment figure
  • Inability to interact functionally with others
  • Experiences of severe neglect
  • Frequent change of caregivers
• What are the strengths of research on childhood attachment and later relationships?

  • Supporting evidence from meta-analysis
  • Longitudinal studies confirm early attachment influences later relationships
• What are the limitations of research into early attachment influence?

  • Relies on retrospective assessment
  • Potential for inaccurate memories
  • Confounding variables may affect validity
• What confounding variables might affect the assessment of attachment types?

  Genetic influences and parenting styles
• How might infant temperament influence attachment bonds?

  It may affect how a parent responds