neoplasia

• Neoplasia is the introduction to histopathology module 7.3.
• Not all new growth can be considered neoplastic.
• Genetic disorder of cell growth is trigged by acquired or less commonly inherited mutation affecting a single cell and its clone progeny.
• Genetic disorder of cell growth is determined by DNA mutations.
• Lipoma is a benign growth of adipose tissue that begins as a nodule and enlarges slowly over time.
• Lipoma cannot be realistically be disappeared from normal white adipose tissue.
• Cell growth is part of the normal development of organs, controlled by genes and its protein products.
• Mutations of the genes can result in uncontrolled growth, leading to several cell divisions, resulting in a mass tumor.
• Acquired can be brought about by environmental factors such as radiation, UV light, or chemicals.
• Grossly, you can see necrosis and bleeding areas.
• There are always exceptions.
• Even those cells will eventually necrose (die).
• There is not enough blood supply.
• This is why the course is important, we will study how to understand maligant lesions.
• The gold standard in histopathology is his top athology.
• We need to look at a tumor under a microscope to be sure.
• Single cell and its clone progeny can be considered "monoclonal" in origin.
• Muscle fibers of the outer layer are arranged parallel to the long axis of the muscle, while those of the inner circular layer are arranged around the long axis of the muscle.
• Leiomyosarcoma is characterized by the presence of abnormal mitotic figures.
• Liposarcoma is characterized by the presence of prominent nucleoli.
• Myometrium, a type of smooth muscle tissue, is characterized by the muscle layer being the thinner of the two.
• There are muscle fibers that can be seen both in longitudinal and cross sections.
• Leiomyoma is a benign tumor of the smooth muscle tissue.
• All the cells that are part of a tumor come from a single mother cell which has been affected by a DNA mutation.
• The end result of all these processes is cell growth.
• High-grade colon cancer is characterized by the loss of nucleolus, pleomorphic cells, hyperchromatic and very prominent nucleoli, and it is hard to identify cells due to most of the cytoplasm being made up of nucleoli.
• Nucleolus is a dark circle inside the nucleus with crypts, tubular glands and globular cells.
• Nucleolus is still present in the basal layer of epithelial cells.
• Colon adenocarcinoma is characterized by the presence of epithelial cells with the lamina propria propria and muscularis propria.
• Normal crypts/tubular glands are lined by simple columnar epithelial cells.
• Low-grade colon cancer is characterized by the presence of normal-looking epithelial cells in the connective tissue.
• Initially, there should be a growth factor, which will be determined by a growth factor.
• Created nuclear cytoplasmic ratio is a measure of the presence of varying sizes of the cells.
• Anaplasia usually occurs after invasion.
• The growth looks mature (ugly looking cancer), lacks differentiation, and for high-grade cancer, the cells still surround by cuboidal cells.
• Normal thyroid tissue is lined by simple cuboidal cells with a homogenous follicle in the mid-dle.
• Low-grade thyroid cancer cells are different from the normal but still surrounded by cuboidal cells.
• Metastasis usually occurs after invasion.
• Cancer cells go to other parts.
• High-grade thyroid cancer cells are different from the normal and do not resemble the normal parenchymal cell.