s18 GBH/Wounding with intent

• Define Wounding:

  A wound is a break in the continuity of the skin, breaks three layers of skin (Eisenhower).

  A broken bone is not a wound unless it also breaks the skin (R v Wood).
• Define GBH:

  Really serious harm, but does not have to be life threatening (DPP v Smith).
• Define s18 - GBH/wounding with intent

  Where D wounds or causes GBH and D intends to do some GBH OR intends to resist or prevent lawful arrest.
• s18 GBH AR:

  Was there a wound or really serious harm (GBH)

  Did D cause it/was it the substantial cause of the wound/GBH - Causation rules apply.
• s18 GBH MR:

  D must have intended to:

  • Do some GBH or;
  • Resist lawful arrest